Hard-piping

Use hard piping where possible Minimize pipe lengths where possible... 

Eliminate hose, use hard pipes wherever possible... 

Operator exposure Charge liquids and solids materials by means of a to fumes or inerts. closed system (e.g., hard piping, hopper and rotary airlock, screw feeder, double-dump valve system, etc.) Provide local ventilation Use proper personnel protective equipment (PPE) ACGIH 1986 CCPS G-22 CCPS G-23 CCPS G-29... 

ABB Lummus s RTD consists of a two-stage reactor cyclone system (see Figure 9-2). The riser cyclones (the first stage) are hard-piped to the riser. Attached to the end of each riser cyclone dipleg is a conventional trickle valve as shown in Figure 9-3. Each trickle valve has a small opening to prevent catalyst defluidization, which can be a problem, especially during start-ups. 

ER E s RTD offering is principally similar to the Lummus design. In the ER E design, the riser cyclones are not hard-piped to the riser. However, the outlet of the riser-cyclones are directly connected to the inlet of the upper cyclones. 

In the KBR system, as with the ABB Lummus design, the riser cyclones are hard-piped to the riser. The diplegs of both the riser cyclone and the upper reactor cyclone are often sealed with catalyst. This minimizes the carry-under of reactor vapors into the reactor housing and maximizes the collection efficiency of the riser cyclones. 

Variable-hardness pipe, with the harder material in the interior, softer toward the exterior, so that any hydrogen that diffused into the interior steel rapidly diffuses outward and escapes... 

The relief valve and/or chamber release valve must be vented outdoors via hard pipe on an upward angle to insure no trapped hydrogen gas. One can even hook an inert gas line to this venting line for purging capabilities to ensure no trapped gas. 

The generator may want to reclaim silver from the x-ray waste itself. If its silver recovery equipment is hard-piped and connected to the photoprocessor, this generator is currently exempt from recycling permits. 

A transfer vessel is a device that receives the contents of another vessel for emergency or nonemergency purposes. It can be as simple as a vacuum truck or as complex as a hard-piped, dedicated system. For liquids, the system typically consists of a container or containment system located below the protected vessel where gravity will promote a rapid transfer. In the few instances where a transfer vessel is used with gases, it assists in the depressurization of a process. In other instances, it may consist of a spare vessel capable of accepting the contents of a nearby vessel (in case of fire or leak) so that the damaged vessel s entire contents are not destroyed or released (Lees, 1980). In this case, a pump may be used to make the transfer between vessels. 

There are advantages to hard piping most of the RO system, but some piping needs to remain open so that flows can be observed and measured. In particular, waste flows to drain, such as filter backwash waste, RO reject, and RO permeate divert streams, should be accessible before they enter the drain so that they can be easily observed and sampled if needed waste-flow piping should end 6 to 10 inches above the drain. 

Removal of front section of fuel hard pipe... 

Installation of clutch hard pipe Check the hard pipe for deformation, check to see whether the curling at the port of connection pipe is complete and without damage, if there is no problem after confirmation, it can be installed and fixed in the front wall clip and hard-tube clip. 

Tubular membrane systems appear to offer the best containment features because they are usually constructed with hard piping and require fewer seals to the outside environment. The collection shrouds on the low pressure side would provide a convenient shield should the membranes or the filter seals fail. Metal membranes can be constructed using welding and this negates the need for seals. 

When Tank 393 was converted to a flarmnable contaminated acid mixture it was not accomplished safely. The flow rate of CO2 diluent to the vapor space was insufficient which created an internal atmosphere in the dangerous flammable range. There was not any hard piped carbon dioxide supply. The arrangement as described seemed makeshift. The CO2 was supplied via a temporary rabber hose connected to the inerting system of an adjacent tank (Tank 396). The hose was too small in diameter and the hose was too long to provide a sufficient volume of CO2 at Tank 393. 

The hose supplying CO2 was dropped into a hole in the roof. That hole remained after the connecting nozzle corroded away. The CO2 supply to the other acid tanks was hard piped. The inadequately sized temporary hose setup was in use for over a year. 

The use of "hard piping up to the filter precludes the use of a finger pump but eliminates the pressure buildup problem. It also introduces a complicated cleanup procedure that must be performed immediately after the casting is completed. Usually, solvent is... 

In small plants and especially in those in which certain items of equipment have multiple uses, temporary connections are relatively common. Transfer hoses are often used to make such connections. This practice increases operating flexibility, reduces costs, and often helps to avoid cross-contamination between batches. However, it also presents new hazards in handling of the hoses, potential exposure to dangerous material, possibly wrong connections at hose switch stations, and more frequent leaks. The use of hard piping cormections is therefore preferable to the use of transfer hoses. If this is not practicable, there should be, at a mmimum, a conscientious program of replacement, inspection, maintenance, and proof of correct connection of hoses. 

A fixed soot blower, shown in Exhibit 7-26, is mounted directly on the convection section wall and is hard-piped as shown. A retractable soot blower, illustrated in Exhibit 7-27, allows the lance to be removed from the convection. seaion during operation. Some of the principal components are the support channel, the gear-driven carriage, the poppet valve (used to control the flow of the cleaning medium), and the lance with nozzles. Exhibit 7-28 depicts a soot blower in operation. As the lance enters the heater, the blowing medium cuts a path through the deposits until the lance reaches its apex. The lance then reverses rotation and is indexed so that on the retraction path it cleans surfaces not covered on insertion. The reversed rotation and indexing allow the soot blower to peel and strip all deposits efficiently and with less chance of heater tube erosion. 

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