Chemokine modulators

McKinley L, Kim J, Bolgos GL, Siddiqui J, Remick DG. CXC chemokines modulate IgE secretion and pulmonary inflammation in a model of allergic asthma. Cytokine 2005 32(3-4) 178-185. 

Homung, F., Scala, G. and Lenardo, M.J. (2000) TNF-alpha-induced secretion of C-C chemokines modulates C-C chemokine receptor 5 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 164, 6180-6187. 

Besides the clear role for chemokines in modulating recruitment of cells into the CNS in HIV infection, and the potential role for chemokines to directly modulate neuronal signaling, recent evidence has suggested a link between CNS chemokine expression and enhancement of excitotoxic injury through enhancement of glutamate... 

Allie R, Hu L, MuUen KM, Dhib-Jalbut S, Calabresi PA (2005) Bystander modulation of chemokine receptor expression on peripheral blood T lymphocytes mediated by glatiramer therapy. Arch Neurol 62 889-894... 

Moreover, other proteolytic products from a chemokine have been proposed to modulate HIV infection. Both CCL14 processing by trypsin and CCL5 processing... 

Proudfoot AE, Buser R, Borlat F et al (1999) Amino-terminally modified RANTES analogues demonstrate differential effects on RANTES receptors. J Biol Chem 274 32478-32485 Qin AP, Zhang HE, Qin ZH (2008) Mechanisms of lysosomal proteases participating in cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal death. Neurosci Bull 24 117-123 Richter R, Bistrian R, Escher S et al (2005) Quantum proteolytic activation of chemokine CCL15 by neutrophil granulocytes modulates mononuclear cell adhesiveness. J Immunol 175 1599-1608... 

Fig. 8.3 Chemokines are neuromodulators. Some chemokines can be synthesized, as their own receptor, by the same neuron (a). A chemokine released by exocytosis can modulate the electrical activity of neurons after binding to its own presynaptic receptor (autoreceptor). Chemokines can also act on other neurons and glial cells (astrocytes and microgha) which express chemokine receptors (b). (Adapted from Rostene and Melik-Parsadaniantz, Pour la Science 2008, 369 66-72)...

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