Peripheral blood lymphocytes lymph nodes

The source and quality of the lymphocytes and the antibody titer of the desired antibodies within an individual will influence the difficulty of producing antibodies from a library derived from that individual. The sources of lymphocytes that have been used successfully to produce human antibodies of the same specificity as the subject s serum antibodies have been peripheral blood lymphocytes from leukophoresis (20), thyroid lymphocytes (18,21), and lymphocytes from lymph nodes draining the site of the immune response (22) The serum reactivity of the donor should be analyzed in as much detail as possible in order to clone Ig isotypes and subclasses responsible for the response of interest. Subclass-specific antisera can be used in antigen-specific ELISA to achieve this. 

Decrease in absolute and relative number of CD2+, CD4+, and CD8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes at 1 or 20 mg/kg CD4 lymphocytes 50-65% of baseline at end of 7-month recovery period based on immunocytopathology, lymphoid depletion in CD2+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell areas of selected lymph nodes and spleen... 

H. and Miller, R.E. (1986) Monoclonal antibody-defined phenotypes of regional lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in early breast cancer. Cancer Research, 46, 2121-6. 

The spleen serves as a rich source of lymphocytes. The spleen is the source used most often as it is easily obtainable. Lymph nodes and peripheral blood are also occasionally used as lymphocyte sources. In humans, peripheral blood is often the only source used, unless the spleen or some lymph nodes were being surgically removed (and thus available). 

Harper, M. E., Marselle, L. M., Gallo, R. C., andWong-Stahl, F. (1986) Detection of lymphocytes expressing human T-lymphotropic virus type III in lymph nodes and peripheral blood from infected individuals by in situ hybridization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 772-776. 

Several glycoproteins, which are present in the lipid bilayer of the virus, are necessary for infection. One is known as GP120. It binds to the CD4 protein on the surface of the Th lymphocyte (i.e. the CD4-I- ceU). This initiates fusion with the plasma membrane of the CD4-I- cell so that the viral RNA and its proteins enter the cell (i.e. it infects the CD4-t cell). The original infection probably occurs in the peripheral circulation but the lymphocytes will be transported by the blood to the spleen, other lymph nodes and the brain, where the microglia become infected (Figure 17.46). 

Smit LA, Hallaert DY, Spijker R et al (2007) Differential Noxa/Mcl-1 balance in peripheral versus lymph node chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells correlates with survival capacity. Blood 109 1660-1668... 

Apart from the spleen, other lymphoid tissues, such as tonsils and the mesenteric or popliteal lymph nodes, can be used as a source of lymphocytes. In the preparation of MABs of human or veterinary origins it is often not possible to obtain lymphoid tissue, and there have been many reports of the successful use of lymphocytes separated from peripheral blood. In some cases, for ethical or practical reasons, it is not possible to immunize the lymphocyte donor, as when human MABs are required, or acutely toxic antigens are used. Also, antigen is not always available in sufficient quantities to perform a successful immunization in vivo. In these circumstances, it may be possible to perform the boosting stage or, indeed, the entire immunization procedure on the lymphocytes in vitro. 

Atypical lymphocytes are found in the peripheral blood and T-cell areas of lymph nodes (paracortex) and may cause misdiagnosis as Hodgkin s disease histologically (therefore, don t biopsy a lymph node ). 

Significant decreases in ex vivo proliferative responses to ConA and LPS significant decreases in primary and secondary antibody response to T cell-dependent antigens Significant decrease in absolute number of peripheral blood T cells (CD3, CD4, and CDS) and B cells and in percentage of CD3 T lymphocytes (associated with decrease in CD4 valnes) in spleen and (CD4 and CDS valnes) in axillary lymph node Decreases in IgM and IgG antibody response to KLH Dose-related decrease in splenic and mesenteric lymph node T cells and CD4 T cells... 

Significant decrease in absolute number of peripheral blood T cells (CD3, CD4, and CDS) and in percentage of CD3 T lymphocytes (associated with decrease in CD4 values) in spleen and (CD4 and CDS values) in axillary lymph node... 

Dose-related decrease in all mature, peripheral blood T lymphocytes which correlated with slight depletions in T lymphocyte regions of lymph nodes and spleen... 

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