Performance and Productivity

Whatever their duties, chemists employed in a drug house must work productively to thrive as researchers. They should expect their labors to receive objective and quantitative evaluation, regardless of whether they belong to discovery or development groups. However, these groups apply different criteria in judging performance. 

A high ratio concerns newcomers and old-timers alike because a chemist s annual output of target compounds influences his yearly salary. His relative productivity ranking largely determines his pay increase, regardless of whether he holds a doctor s, master s, or bachelor s degree. 

Two aspects of discovery research, structure and synthesis, play a crucial role in drug development. They define the goals and thereby direct the efforts of process researchers. Early in development these chemists must pro- 

Chemists participating in a narrowly defined, initial development campaign engage in teamwork more than their colleagues in medicinal chemistry. As a result of this and other factors, individual contributions can be more difficult to quantify than in discovery research. Process chemists are partly judged by how completely and promptly they carry out assigned tasks that represent important elements of the whole effort. 

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Table 10.9 Typical oligomerization feedstock compositions. Performance and product properties. ...

Typical Feedstocks composition, performance and product properties from mild hydrocracking. I... 

Typical Feedstocks Performance and product properties from residue hydroconversion (to be continued). 

Typical hydrotreating feedstock composition. Performance and product properties. 

Selectivity of propylene oxide from propylene has been reported as high as 97% (222). Use of a gas cathode where oxygen is the gas, reduces required voltage and eliminates the formation of hydrogen (223). Addition of carbonate and bicarbonate salts to the electrolyte enhances ceU performance and product selectivity (224). Reference 225 shows that use of alternating current results in reduced current efficiencies, especiaHy as the frequency is increased. Electrochemical epoxidation of propylene is also accompHshed by using anolyte-containing silver—pyridine complexes (226) or thallium acetate complexes (227,228). 

Final vacuum versus water temperature, water cost, heat-transfer performance, and product quality. 

The effects of chronic sleep deprivation or cumulative minor sleep losses have been relatively under investigated. Little is known about the relationships among the size of the sleep deficit, its rate of accumulation, the amount and timing of optimum recovery sleep, and their effect on human performance and productivity. 

Allusi, E. A., Morgan, B. B. (1982). Temporal Factors in Human Performance and Productivity. In E. A. Allusi E. A. Fleishman (Eds.), Human Performance and Productivity. Hillsdale, NJ Erlbaum. 

Feed characterization is the process of determining the physical and chemical properties of the feed. Two feeds with similar boiling point ranges may exhibit dramatic differences in cracking performance and product yields. 

A number of the above features are included to reduce flocculation and the formation of wall polymer. While fundamental knowledge on flocculation or the formation of wall polymer is inadequate to establish the effects of all reactor design variables, the features of the Bayer reactor seem qualitatively correct. More fundamental work will be necessary to develop an understanding of the influence of design on reactor performance and product quality. 

Intentionally degrade the performance of the small unit so that the same performance and product quahty can be achieved upon scaleup. 

A clean and orderly laboratory improves performance and productivity. It also enhances morale and has a beneficial effect on safety. Unfortunately, housekeeping in many laboratories leaves... 

Improvement in environmental performance and production efficiency in both the short and in the long term are expected to be achieved by means of the following steps7-8 ... 

The degree of contamination governs the performance and product quality and affects the utility value of the end product. Secondary contaminants such as additive agglomerates are included in the term contamination . Particularly in case of film polymers, such particles diminish the quality of audio or video tapes due to the vulnerability of films to this drop-out phenomenon. 

Another heteroatom in the feed which affects performance and product quality is nitrogen. Basic nitrogen in the feed tends to lower cracking activity by adsorbing onto the acid sites of the surface of the cracking catalyst. The work of Wu and Schaffer (5), showed that not all nitrogen compounds were equally harmful. They... 

IMPACT OF SCALE-UP ON PROCESS PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCT QUALITY... 

The management reviews are conducted with a planned agenda to provide direction for the company s quality operations. Input from outside and inside sources are welcome to ensure continuous improvement. The audit findings and areas of quality concern are discussed. It is ensured that corrective and preventive measures are taken on time. The review input includes statistical evaluation of process performance and product conformity. 

Allergic rhinitis is a major chronic respiratory disease because of its prevalence, its impact on the quality of life, its impact on work/school performance and productivity, its economic burden, and its links with asthma. 

One way that these operation regions can be identified to achieve optimization of the performance and productivity is through the use of contour plots derived directly from the experimental data for a particular polypeptide- or protein-ligate system as illustrated in Fig. 38. In this case, the optimization was based on a primary requirement of 94% yield. If a 60% column capacity utilization was the preferred option, the separation would have to be carried out in the region enclosed by the 94% yield curve and to the left of the 60% capacity curve. It can be seen that the highest production rate in the region occurs at the intersection of these two curves. Similar operational boundaries can be determined for the other cases, such as 70 or 50% as the preferred column capacities, and the values of fluid velocity and... 

Modem detergent products are complex mixtures of many different ingredients. Typical formulations consist of surfactants, builders, and other additives designed to maximize performance for the consumer while maintaining reasonable raw material and manufacturing costs. Typical detergent formulations contain multiple surfactant types to optimize performance and product stability.21,22 Performance additives such as bleaches, bleach activators,... 

Fatigue pain of the liver ), decline in performance and productivity, weariness, affective lability, nervousness, sleeping disorders, lack of concentration... 

The effect of these toxicants singly or in combination is to produce a hypofunctional respiratory system. Affected animals are also predisposed to respiratory tract infections. The end result is significantly retarded performance and productivity decreases in the affected animals. It is therefore important to ensure that proper animal housing is provided with adequate ventilation in all seasons of the year to provide animals with a healthy breathing and a highly productive environment. 

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