Patent, application process

Motors support for a long-range scientific study of the poisonous gasoline additive, tetraethyl lead. Besides trouble-shooting for various Du Pont departments, Carothers published 60 papers and was listed as the inventor or coinventor of 69 U.S. patent applications during his nine years at Du Pont. Research and development were so new to American corporations that Carothers assistants drafted and he edited patent applications for Du Pont lawyers. You were supposed to be so on top of the literature that you knew whether this was something new or not.. . . Those patents are really classical scientific papers, Hill explained. Carothers considered himself unfit to be a clerk or inventor, but he dominated Du Pont s patent application process for almost a decade. 

IP inventors pool, types of patents and their requirements, seeming contradiction with drug discovery, patent application process, U.S. PTO, relationship to business concerns. 

Appendix - Phenyl acetones by electrolytic oxidation. Process for 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-acetone preparation. European Patent Application 0247526, Filed 02.12.87 to LARK S.p.a. Milan. 

In the PCT examination process, national patent applications may be filed at the end of Chapter I (18 months from the home appHcation filing date), or at the end of Chapter II (30 months from the home appHcation filing date). If the examination of the U.S. home appHcation ends successfully before completion of the examination of the counterpart appHcation in PCT Chapter I, the PCT AppHcant may file national appHcations including the claims examined and allowed by the U.S. PTO without proceeding to PCT Chapter II processing. A brief timeline of patent appHcation examination under the PCT is provided in Table I. 

Another recent patent (22) and related patent application (31) cover incorporation and use of many active metals into Si-TUD-1. Some active materials were incorporated simultaneously (e.g., NiW, NiMo, and Ga/Zn/Sn). The various catalysts have been used for many organic reactions [TUD-1 variants are shown in brackets] Alkylation of naphthalene with 1-hexadecene [Al-Si] Friedel-Crafts benzylation of benzene [Fe-Si, Ga-Si, Sn-Si and Ti-Si, see apphcation 2 above] oligomerization of 1-decene [Al-Si] selective oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone [Cr-Si, Mo-Si] and selective oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone [Mo-Si], A dehydrogenation process (32) has been described using an immobilized pincer catalyst on a TUD-1 substrate. Previously these catalysts were homogeneous, which often caused problems in separation and recycle. Several other reactions were described, including acylation, hydrogenation, and ammoxidation. 

Existing synthetic methods and commercial processes that employ nitrile hydratases (NHases) and nitrilases continue to be improved by directed evolution of existing enzymes, or by the discovery of new enzymes with improved properties, and new applications of these catalysts have recently been described. Numerous reviews have previously been published that describe applications of NHase [ 1-6] and nitrilase [ 1,4—11 ], and in this review we present examples of new applications of these nitrile-utilizing catalysts from journal articles, patent applications, and issued patents that have been published in the past 2-3 years. 

In an open report, this company informed how the process evolved into three different applications, depending on where the coal was cleaned and what part of the coal was being cleaned. Only the latter is fully based in the awarded patent. The process was presented internationally as the Lambda Coal Cleaning Process [142] in 1987, but after that announcement there is no additional information on whether it reached commercial demonstration. 

By sending legitimate chemists such as Ramsay and Baskerville samples to test, Hunter was following in the footsteps of Emmens, who in 1897 had sent samples and instructions for repeating his process to Sir William Crookes, who was unable to reproduce Emmens s results. In 1898, Emmens launched his Argentaurum Company, which advertised that for each ounce of silver submitted by investors it would return 3/5 of an ounce of gold. Emmens s efforts to start the company failed, though, when his patent application for the process was turned down (Nelson 2000, 58). 

Some companies (e.g. Lurgi, Texaco) are best known for one process, even though they may have developed many others in general, only their most famous one is included here under the company name. Their other processes are included if they have special names. Process names which combine the names of two collaborating companies (e.g. Mobil/Badger) have mostly been included. Company names are usually given in the styles in use at the times of their respective inventions, as given in patent applications. 

Compounds structurally distinct from NSAIDs can act as modulators of y-secretase. A patent application has disclosed a series of diarylaminothiazoles (e.g. 64) that inhibit the cellular production of A (542 with IC50 values <200nM [138]. Cinnamide compounds capable of reducing A(542 production, while simultaneously enhancing the production of A(537, have been claimed in a recent application [139]. The preferred piperidone 65, for which a process patent has been published [140], has a reported cellular A(542 IC50 = 80 nM. 

Several patent applications have been granted to SGT covering its sol gel microencapsulation process and its implementation for... 

Meanwhile attempts to find an air oxidation route directly from p-xylene to terephthalic acid (TA) continued to founder on the relatively high resistance to oxidation of the /Moluic acid which was first formed. This hurdle was overcome by the discovery of bromide-controlled air oxidation in 1955 by the Mid-Century Corporation [42, 43] and ICI, with the same patent application date. The Mid-Century process was bought and developed by Standard Oil of Indiana (Amoco), with some input from ICI. The process adopted used acetic acid as solvent, oxygen as oxidant, a temperature of about 200 °C, and a combination of cobalt, manganese and bromide ions as catalyst. Amoco also incorporated a purification of the TA by recrystallisation, with simultaneous catalytic hydrogenation of impurities, from water at about 250 °C [44], This process allowed development of a route to polyester from purified terephthalic acid (PTA) by direct esterification, which has since become more widely used than the process using DMT. 

Quill was founded in April 1999 as an industrial consortium, with members from all sectors of the chemical industry. It is based on the well-proven industry/uni-versity cooperative research center (lUCRC) concept developed by the U.S. National Science Foundation and is only the second lUCRC in Europe. There were 17 founding industrial members of the Quill consortium, and the current membership includes (listed alphabetically) bp. Chevron, Cytec, DuPont, Eastman Chemicals, ICI, Invista, Merck, Novartis, Procter and Gamble, SACHEM, SASOL, Shell, Strata, and UOP. Research carried out between QUB and individual companies, or by QUILL itself, has generated more than 20 patent applications, many of which have now been published, from as diverse a range of industries as BNFL, BP Chemicals, Cytec, ICI, Quest International, and Uni-chema Chemie BV. In a recent report in Nature, the need for collaboration between government, industry, and academic institutions to form sustainable chemistry centers was stressed as vital in order to rethink traditional chemistry processes to be not only beneficial to the environment but also to make economic sense for industry. Quill, under the codirection of Professors Kenneth R. Seddon and Jim Swindall OBE, is one of these chemistry centers, and is the first (and... 

Park, S., Kim, D.S., Chang, J., and Kim, J. (2001) Continuous process and apparatus for preparing inorganic materials employing microwave. US Patent Application 20010054549. 

Zones, S.I. and Krishna, K. (2008) Isomerization process using metal-modified small crystallite MTT molecular sieve. US Patent Application 20080083557. 

Miller, S.J., O Rear, D.J., and Rosenbaum, J. (2005) Processes for producing lubricant base oils with optimized branching. United States Patent Application Publication US 0077209 A1... 

Zones, S.I., Zhang, G., Krishna, K.R., Biscardi, J.A., Marcantononoi, P., and Vittoratos, E. (2005) Preparing small crystal SSZ-32 and its use in a hydrocarbon conversion process. United States Patent Application Publication US 0092651 Al. 

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