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Developing countries industrialization

Global production of roundwood was 3335 million in 1999 (3352 million m in 2000), about 50 % of which was as fuel wood, of which 90 % was consumed in developing countries. Industrial roundwood production (1550 million m in 1999) was dominated by developed countries (79 % of total annual production). This trend will change, in particular with the emergence of China as a major economic force. [Pg.8]

The Second Industrial Revolution is still in its infancy. Computers have entered everyday lives but they will become even more pervasive and ubiquitous, and they will assume more and greater roles. During the First Industrial Revolution, many painful experiences had to be learned - people were killed and injured and environmental damage was caused, and these lessons have had to be learned anew as developing countries industrialize. Our hope for the Second Industrial Revolution is that we can learn more quickly and we can communicate our learning points to others so that mistakes are not repeated. [Pg.136]

Bell, M. Pavitt, K. (1993) Technological accumulation and industrial growth contrasts between developed and developing countries. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2 (1), 157-210. [Pg.299]

Worldwide furfuryl alcohol capacity in 1993 was estimated to be 110,000 metric tons (38). As with furfural, new capacity in developing countries is replacing older capacity in developed countries. China and South Africa have become significant producers of furfuryl alcohol. New plants have been built in Asia and Indonesia as well. Consumption of furfuryl alcohol is spread over the globe the largest use is in the foundry industry which is increasingly moving away from heavily industrialized countries. [Pg.80]

Total merchant shipments of DRI and HBI in 1993 reached 5.1 x 10 t. The primary DRI exporting countries were Venezuela, Russia, Malaysia, Trinidad, and India. The price of merchant HBI in 1993 was in the range of 125 to 167/1 on a deUvered basis. Although there are expectations that the value of merchant DRI should some day stand on its own, the historic price has been tied to the price of ferrous scrap. A general mle of thumb has been that the value of merchant DRI is comparable to prime scrap (No. 1 Bundles or No. 1 Bushelings) in industrial countries, and comparable to imported shredded scrap in developing countries (see RECYCLING, FERROUS METALS). [Pg.431]

The element of p.f. mainly affects the secondary distribution system which serves industries, agriculture, public utilities and domestic loads. Most of them are highly inductive and result in lowering the system p.f. These loads are largely responsible for most of the distribution losses and voltage fluctuations at the consumer end. In developing countries it is estimated that useful power is lost mainly due to transmission and distribution losses. In India, for instance, it is estimated to result in a loss of about 18-20% of the total useful povver, most of which occurs at the secondary distribution attributable to low p.f.s. [Pg.727]

In developing countries, priorities have often been different. Industrialization, water and food supply and sanitation, infrastructure improvements, and basic health care are often the focus of the leaders of a country. In some areas, the availability of a job is much more problematic than some consideration about the quality of the air in the workplace or the home. Many dwellings in developing countries do not have closable windows and doors, so the outdoor and indoor air quality issues are different. In some houses where cooking is done by firewood or charcoal, the air quality outdoors may be considerably better than that inside the smoky residence. [Pg.382]

For many industrialized countries, efforts to improve the outdoor air quality have been under way for the majority of this century. In many locations around the world, significant improvements have taken place. Air quality in many major cities such as London, New York, and Chicago has improved from the conditions present in the first half of the twentieth century. Mechanisms and control programs are in place in the developed countries to continue the improvement of ambient air quality. Considerable effort and energy have been expended to characterize, evaluate, and control air pollution emissions to the atmosphere. [Pg.383]

Production of CFCs, halons, methyl chloroform, and CTC ceased at the end of 1995 in industrial countries and will cease by 2010 in developing countries. Developing countries are defined in the Protocol as those that use less than 0.3 kilograms (kg) of ODS per capita per year. These are called... [Pg.32]

HCFCs, originally developed as a less harmful class of CFC alternatives, will be phased out by 2020 in industrial countries, with some provisions for servicing equipment to 2030. Developing countries are to freeze consumption by 2016 (base year 2015) and phase out use by 2040. [Pg.33]

Consumption and production of methyl bromide will end in 2005 in industrial countries (subject to phase-out stages and exemptions) and in 2015 in developing countries. [Pg.33]

Charcoal is used in electrically heated furnaces to smelt specialty metals such as ferrosilicon. It is a preferred household fuel in developing countries with adequate forest resources. In the United States 95 percent of charcoal use is for barbecuing, while in Japan and Europe charcoal use is split evenly between cooking and industrial needs. [Pg.228]

Reliability of electric energy supply is an important requirement in modern society, and consumers in developed countries have grown to expect electricity to be available on demand. The electric utility industry in North America and throughout the rest of the developed world is undergoing considerable change as open transmission access and consumer choice are... [Pg.427]


See other pages where Developing countries industrialization is mentioned: [Pg.622]    [Pg.748]    [Pg.704]    [Pg.622]    [Pg.276]    [Pg.551]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.296]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.622]    [Pg.748]    [Pg.704]    [Pg.622]    [Pg.276]    [Pg.551]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.296]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.917]    [Pg.920]    [Pg.286]    [Pg.332]    [Pg.10]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.400]    [Pg.86]    [Pg.149]    [Pg.476]    [Pg.303]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.566]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.275]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.357]    [Pg.120]    [Pg.33]    [Pg.422]    [Pg.793]    [Pg.16]    [Pg.75]    [Pg.158]    [Pg.228]    [Pg.371]    [Pg.488]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.138 , Pg.173 ]




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Countries

Developed countries

Developing countries

Developing countries development

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