Liquid oil

Because the neutron tool responds to hydrogen it can be used to differentiate between gas and liquids (oil or water) in the formation. A specific volume of gas will contain a lot fewer hydrogen atoms than the same volume of oil or water (at the same pressure), and therefore in a gas bearing reservoir the neutron porosity (which assumes the tool is... 

The aquifer response (or impact of the water injection wells) may maintain the reservoir pressure close to the initial pressure, providing a long plateau period and slow decline of oil production. The producing GOR may remain approximately at the solution GOR if the reservoir pressure is maintained above the bubble point. The outstanding feature of the production profile is the large increase in water cut over the life of the field, which is usually the main reason for abandonment. Water cut may exceed 90% in the final part of the field life. As water cut increases, so oil production typically declines a constant gross liquids (oil plus water) production may be maintained. 

Interface The common boundary layer between two substances such as between water and a solid (metal) or between water and a gas (air) or between a liquid (water) and another liquid (oil). 

These generators vaporize a liquid (oil/mineral oil or glycol and water), which then condenses into a fine aerosol on contact with cooler air. The amount of smoke produced should be controllable by the liquid feed rate and the temperature of the heating chamber, but in practice the output is not ea.sy to control. They will, however, produce a large amount of smoke over a long periled, dhe generators are relatively expensive (several hundred ECUs), are bulky, are not generally portable, and require an electrical connection. 

Compressors are used whenever it is necessary to flow gas from a lower pressure to a higher pressure system. Flash gas from low-pressure vessels used for multistage stabilization of liquids, oil treating, water treating, etc., often exists at too low a pressure to flow into the gas sales pipeline. Sometimes this gas is used as fuel and the remainder flared or vented. Often it is more economical or it is necessary for environmental reasons to compress the gas for sales. In a gas field, a compressor used in this service is normally called a flash gas compressor. Flash gas compressors are normally characterized by low throughput rate and high differential pressure. 

Natural fats are glycerol esters of fatty acids known as triglycerides. Unsaturated fats are generally liquids (oils) at room temperature, while triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids are generally solids. View tristearin and triolein. Which one of these is saturated and which is unsaturated Are die double bonds in the unsaturated fat cis or transl... 

Ganapathy, V, Shell-Side Heat Transfer Coefficients Found Fast for Liquids, Oil and Gas Journal, Oct. 30, (1978) p. 114. 

In 100 bbl of this mud there are 68 bbl of liquid (oil and water). To get to the new oil/water ratio we must add oil. The total liquid volume will be increased by the volume of oil added but the water volume will not change. The 17 bbl of water now in the mud represents 25% of the liquid volume, but it will represent only 20% of the final or new liquid volume. Therefore, let... 

Liquid, Oil-Soluble Combustion Catalyst and Slag Modifier... 

The double bonds that make this an unsaturated fat prevent the molecule from bending they lower the melting point making a liquid oil rather than a solid fat. 

A liquid oil, an emulsifier, and a friction modifier, which includes certain polyether compounds, can be added to a drilling fluid consisting of a water-in-oil emulsion formed from a brine [1155]. The friction modifier serves to decrease the coefficient of friction of the well drilling fluid. Decreasing the coefficient of friction lowers the force required to turn the drill bit in the hole. Gravitational forces increase the coefficient of friction in deviated-, horizontal-, and extended-reach wells. 

Consider an oil well drilled to a depth of 1000 ft and connected to the surface with 4-in (internal diameter) commercial steel pipe. If the pressure in the well reservoir is a constant 500 psig, what is the expected flow rate of liquid oil (in barrels per day) at the surface if the surface pipe is open to the atmosphere Assume 1000 ft of equivalent pipe and no gas flow with the oil. The specific gravity of the oil is 0.93, and its viscosity is 0.4 cen-tipoise. Make sure that you clearly state and justify any assumptions Remember, an oil barrel is 42 gal. 

Some oil and gas reservoirs contain large volumes of produced natural gas or carbon dioxide (CO2). This gas is produced simultaneously with the liquid hydrocarbons. The natural gas or CO2 is recovered, recompressed, and reinjected into the gaseous portion of the reservoir. The reinjected natural gas or CO2 maintains reservoir pressure and helps push additional liquid oil hydrocarbons out of liquid portion of the reservoir. 

Such steam heating is even, and avoids the risk of overheating and decomposition that can occur in hot spots when external heating is used. The steam condenses back into water and the droplets coagulate to form liquid oil. Esters and essential oils do not mix with water, so phase separation occurs on cooling, and we see a layer of oil forming above a layer of condensed water. The oil is decanted or skimmed off the surface of the water, dried, and packaged. 

At the turn of the century, considerable attempts were being made to find suitable membrane models. These models fall into two groups compact, usually liquid ( oil ) and soUd membranes [10, 33, 62, 75] and porous membranes [9]. At the very beginning of the study of compact membranes, the glass electrode was discovered [ 18, 34], whose membrane represented the first observation of marked selectivity for a particular type of ion, here the hydrogen ion. It is interesting that this first ion-selective electrode remains the best and most widely used of all such electrodes. 

Cesium is used as a hydrogenation catalyst to enhance and assist the reaction in the conversion of liquid oils to solids forms (e.g., in the production of margarine). 

You can hydrogenate some of the double bonds in any polyunsaturated fat. Hydrogenation, whether complete or partial, results in an increase in the melting point, a fact that makes it possible to convert a liquid oil to a solid fat. (Note that partial hydrogenation may convert some of the cis double bonds into tram double bonds, thereby producing a trans fat.)... 

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