Spin-offs

Note This is a pure agricultural chemical and seed business. Monsanto s chemical businesses spun off to Solutia. In the second half of 2002, Pharmacia will spin off Monsanto. 

The first consideration is the source of the noise itself. In the case of a new project the first option must be to select the quietest machine available that will perform the required task. With an existing problem this may still be the cheapest option, particularly in the case of a machine which is coming to the end of its useful life. Spin-offs may include more efficient operation (less fuel costs), greater reliability or quieter operating conditions. 

Ceramic in sheet form is a spin-off from the space program, where materials capable of resisting extreme conditions are required. Its cost is high, but so is its resistance to both heat and chemicals. Laboratories often employ it in areas where other materials will not stand up. This material is similar to that used in solid kitchen cook tops. 

The first peptide syntheses were also initiated in Bonn. In the later years of his research activity, Helferich concentrated particularly on the chemistry of the sulfonamides. The chemistry of the sultams was of particular interest to him. As a spin-off from this work he developed a psychotropic drug, namely, Ospolot. 

This serendipitous discovery marked the beginning of the synthetic dyestuffs industry, based on coal tar as its main raw material, which is, incidentally, a waste product from another industry, steel manufacture. The development of mauveine was followed by efficient syntheses of natural dyes such as alizarin in 1869 (Graebe and Liebermann, 1869), and indigo in 1878 (Bayer, 1878 Heumann, 1890). The synthetic production of these dyes marked the demise of the agricultural production of these materials and the advent of a science-based, predominantly German chemical industry. The present-day fine chemicals and specialties, e.g. pharmaceuticals, industries developed largely as spin-offs of this coal tar-based dyestuffs industry. 

Fiber-containing cement was initially developed as a high-strength material that could be used to line a borehole [1789]. Several relatively simple and cheap spin-off applications of fiber cement were identified, such as the use of fiber cement in cement plugs for borehole stabilization and as a lost circulation material. Several companies are already applying or offering fiber cement for these purposes in the field, in both organic fibers and metal fibers [372,1077, 1682-1684]. 

A spin-off of all of these task forces has been the open discussions that have led to improved design considerations and effective use of resources in the conduct of field exposure studies. These task forces have evaluated a variety of exposure measuring techniques, developed study designs for conducting studies, and performed field studies in a uniform and efficient manner. The task force protocols and designs have become models for the industry, having received valuable input and approval from the regulatory community. 

Despite these interesting developments, it has been pointed out [11,517] that because of the relatively small market and the costs of registration and ecotoxicological testing, it is currently unlikely that novel agents designed specifically for wool could be marketed economically. Any further advances are likely to be spin-offs from agricultural pesticide developments. 

This methodology clearly enriches the tool box of the synthetic organic chemist. Other spin-offs from the studies described above, such as the incorporation of dioxygen as an oxidant and the use of alkyl carbon-het-eroatom coupling as a product release step for other metal-mediated organic transformations, may also emerge over the next several years. 

Solvias (spin-off from Ciba-Geigy/Novartis) Proprietary chiral ligands, process R D. Several production processes, many pilot- and bench-scale applications [141]. 

If there are external components—software or hardware—that define objects you need to use, spin off a task to evaluate whether to use these objects exactly as defined or whether to build a layer that offers a model closer and more natural to the one you would like to use internally in your development. If a core component defines widely shared and widely used objects, you may need to design a generic architectural scheme for extensible object data and behaviors. 

In 1999 a new type of annular chromatograph was presented by Prior Separation Technology GmbH, a spin-off company of Prior Technology GmbH. At the same time the selling of the machine under the brand name of P-CAC started. 

Many companies are investor-driven and, thus, have an intense dedication to development and success. But can a company with one or two products compete It appears it can. However, often the process requires merger or acquisition by larger firms fo succeed. Some companies sfarf ouf as "spin offs" of academic research, ofhers license a producf being developed by "big pharma," and ofhers sfarf as marketing or generic firms fhaf grow from fheir own success. 

The Plato (Proving Lasting Advanced Timber Option) process is derived from a technology that was originally developed by Royal Dutch Shell, and was a spin-off from research into the hydrothermal conversion of biomass into liquid fuels. The Plato thermal modification process involves four stages (Figure 8.3) ... 

Many useful products, such as superglue and fire-retardant materials, are domestic spin-offs from research that is related to military applications. Military expense budgets are large, in part, because of the money required to support this research. In your opinion, should military budgets be exempt from cost-conservation measures that governments typically must consider Debate this question with your classmates, and issue a statement that summarizes your decisions. 

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