Other Hazardous Substances

Hazardous substances other than those classified above fall within this group. 

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PHENOMENA RELATED TO THE RELEASE OF DNAPLs AND OTHER HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES... 

Besides petroleum products, other hazardous substances (see Tables 18.7-18.9) are also stored in USTs. Among them, a common and important group is the dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). This group has some different physical properties from petroleum (especially gasoline) that make them behave differently in the way they move underground. This section presents the important factors associated with the cleanup of DNAPLs. 

Batteries accumulators I Mer swit cury ches Stripped c appli ompressor ances Stripped absorber appliances Other hazardous substances occurring in appliances i Condensers possibly containing PCBs... 

This list of substances has to be reviewed and extended by the parliament and the council as soon as further scientific evidence on other hazardous substances is available which recommends their substitution with safer alternatives. Materials or components of electrical and electronic substances can only be exempt from the substitution provision if their replacement is not scientifically ortechnically practicable or if there are no safer alternatives. Annex 1 of the directive specifies in detail which applications of lead, mercury, cadmium and hexavalent chromium fall under the above-mentioned exemption. However, these exemptions also need to be reviewed every fouryears (Preamble 11 and Article 5 (b) and (c))... 

The compounds profiled in this book include solvents, herbicides, insecticides, fumigants, and other hazardous substances most coimnoidy found in the groundwater and soil environment the organic Priority Pollutants promulgated by the U.S. Enviromnental Protection Agency (U S. EPA) under the Clean Water Act of 1977 [40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 136, 1977] and compounds most commonly found in the workplace. 

In actual fact a great deal has also been undertaken in this area in the past. Many of the hazardous substances mentioned above have now more or less disappeared from the market. Some were banned (e.g. DDT, CFCs, PCBs), their functions now being performed by less hazardous substances. Other hazardous substances have at least been considerably curtailed in their use with safety requirements being imposed (e.g. chlorinated solvents, highly toxic heavy metals). This has also led to the reduction of risks emanating from hazardous substances in many areas. 

Commonly reported near misses include such events as exceeding operating limits, a release of a chemical or other hazardous substance that does not meet the threshold for a process safety incident metric, activation of relief valves, interlocks, or ruptured disks. Companies may establish near-miss metrics based on the specifics of their operation, based on their observations of frequent upsets or failures, or to track and correct observed unsafe practices or behaviors. 

Adsorption can be classified as an accumulative process involving the transition of the contaminant from the water phase (or gas phase) to the sohd phase. Due to their log Kqc values, other hazardous substances (e.g. benzene) present at MTBE-contaminated sites show better adsorption on activated carbon. Alternatively, other adsorbents like zeolites have been widely investigated in laboratory studies as well as in one pilot-scale and one full-scale application, showing promising results. Nevertheless, it should be mentioned that the availability of data dealing with the adsorption behaviour of fuel oxygenates other than MTBE is limited. Further studies are needed to identify the most suitable adsorbent for each contaminant as well as for mixed con tarn-... 

Signal Word The label of a hazardous substance must also contain a signal word to attract the attention of product users. The statute prescribes the word DANGER for substances which are extremely flammable, corrosive, or highly toxic highly toxic substances must also contain the word poison. The labels of all other hazardous substances must contain the signal words WARNING or CAUTION . 

Krull, I. S., and Fine, D. H., In "Handbook of Carcinogens and Other Hazardous Substances, Chemical Trace Analysis", Chapter 6 (ed) Bowman, M. C., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1979 Krull, I. S., Goff, U., and Wolf, M. H., In "Canadian Chromatography Conference-I" (ed) Bhatnager, V. M., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1978... 

I first met Rich in February 2001.1 was in DC for a meeting, and a friend invited me to an Army Corps of Engineers-sponsored community meeting at Sibley Hospital, in the Spring Valley neighborhood in northwest Washington. This area, as Rich documents, contains a witches brew of old chemical warfare materiel, other hazardous substances, and unexploded ordnance left over from its days, during World War I, as the American University Experimental Station. 

Miller-Hooks, E. (1997) Optimal Routing of Spent Plutonium and Other Hazardous Substances in Time-varying, Stochastic Transportation Networks, Ph.D. Dissertation, Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, August. (In preparation as an ANRCP report.)... 

Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS). RoHS regulations are focused on avoiding and reducing the use of heavy metals and other hazardous substances that could discourage or make complex the recovery of the product at EOU. 

Using chemicals and other hazardous substances at work can put peoples health at risk. So the law requires employers to control exposure to hazardous substances to prevent ill health. Effects from hazardous substances include ... 

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) (42 U.S. Code 9601 et seq.) Known as Superfund , gives the EPA power to recover costs for containment, other response actions, and cleanup of hazardous waste disposal sites and other hazardous substance releases. 

OSHA considers skin diseases as illnesses caused by exposure to chemicals, plants, or other hazardous substances. OSHA dehnes respiratory conditions or illnesses as breathing-related problems associated with pneumonitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, farmer s lung, beryllium disease, tuberculosis, occupational asthma, reactive airways dysfunction syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hypersensitivity. Examples can include heatstroke, hypothermia, decompression sickness, effects of ionizing radiation, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, anthrax, and bloodbome pathogen diseases. 

The next sections present water quality from 1994 to 1998 on the specific Danube River profiles (where the water was contfolled with the BTF mission), giving maximum and 5-year average values of pollution by pettoleum hydrocarbons, mercury and other hazardous substances that were also controlled after the NATO bombing. 

MTBE is a very stable substance and does not undergo common reactions like other hazardous substances. Eormation of peroxides, unlike that of other ethers, has not been substantiated. 

Reducing lead in the environment is an environmental health and safety issue that is of prime importance today. While a typical microprocessor has approximately 0.2 g of lead and a computer motherboard has 2 to 3 g of lead, and the whole USA electronic interconnection market uses less than 2% of the world s lead production, to address environmental concerns, there are various environmental directives limiting the use of lead and other hazardous substances. These directives, formulated by the European Union in a Directive of the European parliament and of the Council of the European Union are ... 

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