Danube river

Veningerova M, Prachar V, Kovacicova J, et al. 1998. Levels of chlorinated phenols in Danube river water. Fresenius Environ Bull 7 224-231. 

Znaor, D. Kieft, H. (2000) Environmental impact and macro-economic feasibility of organic agriculture in the Danube River Basin. Proceedings of the 13th International IFOAM Scientific Conference, Basel, Switzerland, pp 160-3. 

The Ramsar site and the important bird area Lonjsko Polje Nature Park (510 km2) represent mainly palustrine-riverine wetlands located within the flood-plains of the Middle Sava river basin (Central Posavina, Croatia). It represents the largest maintained inundation area of all the Danube River catchment and, at the same time, the key facility of the flood control system of the entire Sava river basin (including Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia and Montenegro). 

Sub-river Basin of the Danube River Basin District (Draft 2)... 

Radiocesium concentrations in muscle of fishes from the southern Baltic Sea increased 3 to 4 times after Chernobyl (Grzybowska 1989), and 134+137Cs and 106Ru in fishes from the Danube River increased by a factor of 5. However, these levels posed negligible risk to human consumers... 

Danube River Budapest, Hungary — 12 (upstream from city), 15 (down stream from city) Thielen et al. (2004), 423... 

Thielen, F., Zimmermann, S., Baska, F. et al. (2004) The intestinal parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis (acanthocephala) from barbel as a bioindicator for metal pollution in the Danube River near Budapest, Hungary. Environmental Pollution, 129(3), 421-29. 

Danube River, Romania Chesapeake Bay, Maryland Gulmar Fjord, Sweden Santa Rosa Sound, Florida Chesapeake and Delaware Bays... 

Mathias, C. B., A. K. T. Kirschner, and B. Velimirov. 1995. Seasonal variations of virus abundance and viral control of the bacterial production in a backwater system of the Danube River. Applied Environmental Microbiology 61 3734-3740. 

He has published and/or edited 27 books, including the Environmental Engineer s Handbook, and prepared the "Compromise Plan" for the Danube River, which was diverted by Slovakia into a concrete-lined bypass canal. The "Compromise Plan" resolves the conflict between the shipping and power generation considerations on the one hand and environmental concerns on the other. 

Humborg, C., Ittekot, V., Cociasu, A., and von Bodungen, B. (1997) Effect of Danube river on Black Sea biogeochemistry and ecosystem structure. Nature 386, 385-388. 

In 1799, as a result of studies of the mounts of the Dnieper, Dnestr, and Danube Rivers, I.I. Billings prepared the first Atlas of the Northern Black Sea. On the basis of these works, in 1807 I. Budischev prepared the manuscript Sailing chart or guidelines over the Black and Azov Seas. As a result, in 1817 the Atlas of Maps appeared, whose quality was superior to all available foreign maps of the Black Sea. 

In Romania, oceanographic studies of the Black Sea are conducted by the Marine Research Institute in Constanta. Their target is the shelf zone. For a long time the Romanian-Ukrainian team had been engaged in studies of the Danube River delta, which is under the jurisdiction of both countries. In 1979-1999 environmental monitoring in the Danube mouth area was conducted. 

In the south of Moldova, the Karangatian epoch corresponds [8] to the lagoonal sediments of the second terrace of the Prut and Danube rivers they contain one or two layers with shells of Caspian didacnas separated by a layer of lacustrine deposits. 

The outer shelf zone is located at depths greater than 60 m its marginal part is characterized by steeper slopes than those in the inner and central zones. The greatest depths here reach 60-100 m its smallest width (down to 10 km) is observed in the east, while in the west, off the Danube River mouth, it reaches 60 km. Here, the shelf edge is confined to 130-150 m depth contours. 

The northwestern region is characterized by large provenance areas, from which alluvial matter is supplied via the deltas of the Danube, Dniester, and Dnieper rivers. The Danube River, which features a wide delta with numerous channels and branches provides the greatest solid runoff to the shelf zone. The delta is composed of terrigenous sediments and is advanced toward the sea by 7-10 km. 

Results of large-scale investigations of the Danube River mouth are discussed in [6-9]. The most comprehensive analysis of the present-day peculiarities of hydrological and morphological processes in the Danube delta is made in [8]. 

During the last 60-100 years [5,21,22], the majority of rivers under consideration were subject to the human-induced decrease in the water runoff and sediment load. The decrease in the water runoff was mainly due to the water withdrawal for economical needs and losses through evaporation from the free-water surface of reservoirs. At the Danube River mouth, however, the climate-induced increase in the water runoff over the recent 30 years has exceeded the human-induced decrease in it. Human-induced decrease of water runoff among large rivers was the greatest in the Dnieper, Don and Kuban rivers and comprised 1.2-1.3 times. 

Due to accumulation of sediments in reservoirs, the sediment load of the majority of rivers decreased much more than their water runoff. A maximum decrease in sediment load has occurred in the Kuban, Don, Rioni, and Danube rivers (by a factor of 5.6,2.8, 2.4 and 1.5, respectively). 

The above data evidence that in the 20th century the eustatic rise in the Black Sea level markedly exceeded the eustatic rise of the level in the Atlantic Ocean (1.7 mm year-1 [23]) and in the Mediterranean Sea (1.1-1.3 mm year 1 [3]). In most publications, the rise in the Black Sea level is explained by some specific features of its water balance in this period an increased river water runoff into the sea (first of all, that of the Danube River), abundant precipitation over the Black Sea s water surface, and decreased evaporation. 

The Danube River mouth area is the largest among other river mouths in the region of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. This mouth belongs to the open deltaic type. The Danube mouth area includes the near-delta river reach, the... 

The Chiba branch (116 km in length) is a continuation of the Danube River and the major branch of the delta. It forms two internal and one external or marine (Chiba) deltas. The majority of side secondary branches of the internal deltas have died out. The main branches in the Chiba delta are the Ochakovskiy (left) and Starostambul skiy (right). 

The Danube River contributes to its delta about 200-210 km3 water per year. New estimates of long-term and seasonal changes in the river water runoff are presented in [8]. 

Fig. 4 Long-term changes in the annual water discharges of the Danube River at the delta head over the period 1840-2002 (six year moving mean was used)...

---