Oryza

Aspergillus ocraceus Aspergillus oryzae Aspergillus parasiticus Aspergillusrugulosus Aspergillus sydowi Aspergillus terreus... 

Table I. Inhibitory Effect of Kasugamycin on Growth of Piricularia oryzae at pH 5.0 and pH 7.0 in Rice Plant Juice Medium...

Benzyl-, phenoxymethyl-and other penicillins N-Deacylation 6-APA and the corresponding acyl side chains Escherichia coli Fusarium semitectum Penidllium chrysogenum Aspergillus oryzae Nine different bacteria... 

To develop a continuous process, the immobilisation of aminoacylase of Aspergillus oryzae by a variety of methods was studied, for example ionic binding to DEAE-Sephadex, covalent binding to iodo-acetyl cellulose and entrapment in polyacrylamide gel. Ionic binding to DEAE-Sephadex was chosen because the method of preparation was easy, activity was high and stable, and regeneration was possible. 

L-alanine can be prepared from aspartic acid (Figure A8.13). L-Aspartate-(5-decarboxylase produced by Xanthomonas oryzae No 531 has been used to prepared L-alanine in 95% yield from 15% L-aspartic add solution. Other strains, ie Pseudomonas dacunhae or Achromobacter pestifer, give comparable yields of L-alanine. The process has been commercialised by Tanabe. 

Lactic acid Rhizopus oryzae Foods and pharmaceuticals... 

In all the reported examples, the enzyme selectivity was affected by the solvent used, but the stereochemical preference remained the same. However, in some specific cases it was found that it was also possible to invert the hydrolases enantioselectivity. The first report was again from iQibanov s group, which described the transesterification of the model compound (13) with n-propanol. As shown in Table 1.6, the enantiopreference of an Aspergillus oryzae protease shifted from the (l)- to the (D)-enantiomer by moving from acetonitrile to CCI4 [30]. Similar observations on the inversion of enantioselectivity by switching from one solvent to another were later reported by other authors [31]. 

Table 1.6 I nfluence of the organic solvent on the enantioselectivity ofthe protease from A oryzae subtilisin in the kinetic resolution of the racemic amino acid (12) (expressed as the ratio of the initial rate of acylation of the pure enatiomers, Vs/vr).

Oryza sativum X66125 D84400 OS378734 243fdnayysnllsnKgllhsdq262 249fdmyyqnllnqKgllssdq268 255fdlgyfKnvaKRRglfhsdg280 (Riemann et al., 1992) (Ito et al., 2000) (Chittoor et al., 1997)... 

Chittoor J.M. Leach J.E. White F.F. (1997) Differential induction of a peroxidase gene family during infection of rice by Xanthomonas oryzae po. oryzae // Mol Plant Microbe Inter. V. 10. P. 861-871. 

Recently queries have been raised concerning the validity of using proportional changes in A and g (and the maintenance of constant calculated Pi) as evidence that photosynthetic capacity has decreased. In the calculation of p, (Equation 2), it is assumed that CO2 and H2O exchange are uniform over the area of leaf under consideration. However, it has been reported that there is a wide variation in aperture of stomata within a small area of the leaves of Oryza sativa (Ishihara, Nishihara Ogura, 1971),... 

Yeo, A.R. Flowers, T.J. (1986). Salinity resistance in rice Oryza sativa L.) and a pyramiding approach to breeding varieties for saline soils. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 13, 161-73. 

Hsiao, T.C., O Toole, J.C., Yambao, E.B. Turner, N.C. (1984). Influence of osmotic adjustment on leaf rolling and tissue death in rice Oryza sativa L.). Plant Physiology, 75, 338-41. 

Yeo, A.R., Yeo, M.E., Caporn, S.J.M., Lachno, D.R. Flowers, T.J. (1985). The use of C-ethane diol as a quantitative tracer for the transpirational volume flow of water, and an investigation of the effects of salinity upon transpiration, net sodium accumulation and endogenous ABA in individual leaves of Oryza sativa L. Journal of Experimental Botany, 36, 1099-109. 

PSL, AMANO) has been found to catalyze the Markovnikov-type addition of thiols to vinyl esters (Scheme 5.23) [114] and acylases aminoacylase [115], penicillin G acylase [116], and acylase from AspergiUus oryzae [117], the same kind of addition of various nitrogen nucleophiles. Unfortunately, most additions described above are nonstereoselective. 

Lactic acid Lactobacillus delbrueckii Rhizopus oryzae Calcium lactate is a convenient source of Ca for oral administration constituent of intraperitoneal dialysis solutions... 

POTRYKUS I (1997) Transgenic rice Oryza sativa) endosperm expressing daffodil Narcissuspseudonarcissus) phytoene synthase accumulates phytoene, a key intermediate of provitamin A biosynthesis , Plant J, 11, 1071-78. 

HIKING H, TAKAHASHi M, osHiMA Y, KONNO c (1988) Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of oryzabrans A, B, C, and D, glycans of oryza sativa bran. Planta Med, 54(1) 1-3. 

Hu, C. et al., Black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) pigmented fraction suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in chemical and biological model systems, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 5271, 2003. 

Datta, K. and Datta, S.K., Indica rice (Oryza sativa, BR29 andlR64), Meth. Mol. Biol. 343, 201, 2006. 

Yoganathan, A., Isolation, expression and functional analysis of a cDNA encoding phytoene desaturase, a carotenoid biosynthetic enzyme from rice, Oryza sativa L., PhD dissertation. Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, 1998. 

Enzymes PPL, lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens F-AP, lipase from Rhizopus orizae AP-6, lipase from Aspergillus niger, SP-254, lipase from Aspergillus oryzae P-2, Chirazyme WCPC, whole cell cultures of Penicillium citrinum WCPFL, whole cell cultures of Pseudomona fluorescens CAL-B, lipase from Candida antarctica B PS-C, lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia GCL, lipase from Geotrichum candidum. n.r. not reported. 

---