Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Phytoene desaturase

A second class of herbicides primarily affects ( -carotene desaturase. These herbicides are apparent feedback inhibitors of PD as well. This class of compounds includes dihydropyrones like LS 80707 [90936-96-2] (56) and 6-methylpyridines (57,58). The third class consists of the ben2oylcyclohexane-diones, eg, 2-(4-chloro-2-nitroben2oyl)-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-I,3-dione. This class of atypical bleaching herbicides induces phytoene accumulation when appHed either pre- or post-emergence. However, it does not inhibit phytoene desaturase activity in vitro (59). Amitrole also has been considered a bleaching herbicide, though its main mode of action is inhibition of amino acid synthesis. [Pg.43]

Clearly, the control of gene expression at the transcriptional level is a key regulatory mechanism controlling carotenogenesis in vivo. However, post-transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes has been found in chromoplasts of the daffodil. The enzymes phytoene synthase (PSY) and phytoene desaturase (PDS) are inactive in the soluble fraction of the plastid, but are active when membrane-bound (Al-Babili et al, 1996 Schledz et al, 1996). The presence of inactive proteins indicates that a post-translational regulation mechanism is present and is linked to the redox state of the membrane-bound electron acceptors. In addition, substrate specificity of the P- and e-lycopene cyclases may control the proportions of the p, P and P, e carotenoids in plants (Cunningham et al, 1996). [Pg.266]

The carotenoid pathway may also be regulated by feedback inhibition from the end products. Inhibition of lycopene cyclisation in leaves of tomato causes increase in the expression of Pds and Psy-1 (Giuliano et al, 1993 Corona et al, 1996). This hypothesis is supported by other studies using carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors where treated photosynthetic tissues accumulated higher concentrations of carotenoids than untreated tissues (reviewed by Bramley, 1993). The mechanism of this regulation is unknown. A contrary view, however, comes from studies on the phytoene-accumulating immutans mutant of Arabidopsis, where there is no feedback inhibition of phytoene desaturase gene expression (Wetzel and Rodermel, 1998). [Pg.266]

AL-BABiLi s, VON LiNTiG J, HAUBRUCK H and BEYER p (1996) A novel, soluble form of phytoene desaturase from Narcissus pseudonarcissus chromoplasts is Hsp70-complexed and competent for flavinylation, membrane association and enzymatic activation . Plant J,9, 601-12. [Pg.273]

FRASER P D, MISAWA N, LINDEN H, SHIGEYUKI Y, KOBAYASHI K and SANDMANN G (1992) Expression mE. coli, purification and reactivation of a recombinant Erwinia uredovora phytoene desaturase ,Chem, 267, 19891-5. [Pg.275]

WETZEL c M and RODERMEL s R (1998) Regulation of phytoene desaturase expression is independent of leaf pigment content in Arabidopsis thaliana , Plant Mol Biol, 37, 1045-53. [Pg.279]

The stability of phytoene desaturase and lycopene cyclase transcripts also influenced accumulation of carotenoids. Efforts in directed evolution of carotenogenic enzymes have also continued. Alternate approaches using systematic and combinatorial gene knockout targets have allowed for enhancement of carotenoid production in the absence of a priori assumptions of regulatory mechanisms. [Pg.381]

Bonk, M. et al.. Purification and characterization of chaperonin 60 and heat-shock protein 70 from chromoplast of Narcissus pseudonarcissus involvement of heat-shock protein 70 in a soluble protein complex containing phytoene desaturase. Plant Physiol. Ill, 931, 1996. [Pg.391]

Bartley, G.E. et al.. Molecular cloning and expression in photosynthetic bacteria of a soybean cDNA coding for phytoene desaturase, an enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 6532, 1991. [Pg.391]

Matthews, P.D., Luo, R., and Wurtzel, E.T., Maize phytoene desaturase and zetacar-otene desaturase catalyze a poly-Z desaturation pathway implications for genetic engineering of carotenoid content among cereal crops, J. Exp. Botany 54, 2215, 2003. [Pg.392]

Linden, H. et al.. Functional complementation in Escherichia coli of different phytoene desaturase genes and analysis of accumulated carotenoids, Z. Naturforsch. 46c, 1045, 1991. [Pg.392]

Bartley, G.E., Scolnik, P.A., and Beyer, P., Two Arabidopsis thaliana carotene desaturases, phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase, expressed in Escherichia coli, catalyze a poly-cis pathway to yield pro-lycopene, Eur. J. Biochem. 259, 396, 1999. [Pg.392]

Li, Z.H. et ah. Cloning and characterization of a maize cDNA encoding phytoene desaturase, an enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Plant Mol. Biol. 30, 269, 1996. [Pg.395]

Vigneswaran, A. and Wurtzel, E.T., A rice cDNA encoding phytoene desaturase (accession no. AE049356, PGR99-131), Plant Physiol. 121, 312, 1999. [Pg.395]

Mann, V., Pecker, I., and Hirschberg, J., Cloning and characterization of the gene for phytoene desaturase (Pds) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Plant Mol. Biol. 24, 429, 1994. [Pg.395]

Scolnik, P.A. and Bartley, G.E., Phytoene desaturase from Arabidopsis, Plant Physiol. 103, 1475, 1993. [Pg.395]

Yoganathan, A., Isolation, expression and functional analysis of a cDNA encoding phytoene desaturase, a carotenoid biosynthetic enzyme from rice, Oryza sativa L., PhD dissertation. Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, 1998. [Pg.396]

Hable, W.E. and Oishi, K.K., Maize phytoene desaturase maps near the viviparous5... [Pg.397]

Hable, W.E., Oishi, K.K., and Schnmaker, K.S., Viviparons-5 encodes phytoene desaturase, an enzyme essential for ahscisic acid (ABA) accnmnlation and seed development in maize, Mol. Gen. Genet. 257, 167, 1998. [Pg.397]

Verdoes, J.C., Misawa, N., and van Ooyen, A.J., Cloning and characterization of the astaxanthin biosynthetic gene encoding phytoene desaturase of XanthophyUomyces dendrorhous [letter], Biotechnol. Bioeng. 63, 750, 1999. [Pg.398]

Generation of mutants is also a starting point in optimization experiments, and now is the time for metabolic engineering of the astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway. Researchers should be able to manage carbon fluxes within the cells and resolve competitions between enzymes such as phytoene desaturase and lycopene cyclase. [Pg.420]

Figure 73. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Enzymes are named according to the designation of their genes Ccs, capsanthin-capsorubin synthase CrtL-b, lycopene-b-cyclase CrtL-e, lycopene-e-cyclase CrtR-b, b-ring hydroxylase, CrtR-e, e-ring hydroxylase DMADP, dimethylallyl diphosphate GGDP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate Ggps, geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase IDP, isopentenyl diphosphate Ipi, IDP isomerase Pds, phytoene desaturase Psy, phytoene synthase Vde, violaxanthin de-epoxidase Zds, z-carotene desaturase Zep, zeaxanthin epoxidase. (From van den Berg and others 2000.)... Figure 73. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Enzymes are named according to the designation of their genes Ccs, capsanthin-capsorubin synthase CrtL-b, lycopene-b-cyclase CrtL-e, lycopene-e-cyclase CrtR-b, b-ring hydroxylase, CrtR-e, e-ring hydroxylase DMADP, dimethylallyl diphosphate GGDP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate Ggps, geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase IDP, isopentenyl diphosphate Ipi, IDP isomerase Pds, phytoene desaturase Psy, phytoene synthase Vde, violaxanthin de-epoxidase Zds, z-carotene desaturase Zep, zeaxanthin epoxidase. (From van den Berg and others 2000.)...
The molecular target site of triketone herbicides is the enzyme -hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). Inhibition of this enzyme disrupts the biosynthesis of carotenoids and causes a bleaching (loss of chlorophyll) effect on the foliage similar to that observed with inhibitors ofphytoene desaturase (e.g. norflurazon). However, the mechanism of action of HPPD inhibitors is different. Inhibtion of HPPD stops the synthesis of homogen tisate (HGA), which is a key precursor of the 8 different tocochromanols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and prenyl quinones. In the absence of prenylquinone plastoquinone, phytoene desaturase activity is interrupted. The bleaching of the green tissues ensues as if these compounds inhibited phytoene desaturase. [Pg.240]

The enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase is involved in the conversion of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate, a key step in plastoquinone biosynthesis. Inhibition of this enzyme has an indirect effect on carotenoid biosynthesis as plastoquinone is a co-factor of the enzyme phytoene desaturase. The new maize herbicide isoxaflutole and the triketone herbicides such as sulcotrione (Figure 2.7), inhibit p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase and this leads to the onset of bleaching in susceptible weeds and ultimately plant death.4... [Pg.26]

F, Bleaching inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis at the phytoene desaturase step (PDS) Pyridazinones Nicotinanilides Others 12... [Pg.42]

Phytoene desaturase bleaching herbicides. Bleaching herbicides inhibit the synthesis of carotenoids in plants [30,31], A number of phytoene desaturase herbicides such as norflurazon (Solicam , Zorial ), flurochloridone (Racer ), fluri-done (Sonar ), and diflufenican (Fenican , Legacy ) have been commercialized. [Pg.126]

New agrochemicals introduced in the past five years include new chemistries with known modes of action, such as the protoporphyrinogen inhibitor bencarba-zone, the phytoene desaturase picolinafen and beflutamid, and sodium channel pyrethroids new chemistries with possibly new modes of action, such as flonic-amid and pyridalyl and new chemistries with established new modes of actions, such as flubendiamide, which activates ryanodine-sensitive intracellular calcium release channels, ryanodine receptors RyR, in insects. [Pg.157]


See other pages where Phytoene desaturase is mentioned: [Pg.43]    [Pg.101]    [Pg.262]    [Pg.271]    [Pg.61]    [Pg.215]    [Pg.358]    [Pg.364]    [Pg.374]    [Pg.45]    [Pg.87]    [Pg.183]    [Pg.185]    [Pg.186]    [Pg.192]    [Pg.196]    [Pg.706]    [Pg.333]    [Pg.334]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.61 , Pg.215 , Pg.358 , Pg.363 , Pg.364 , Pg.374 , Pg.376 , Pg.377 , Pg.378 , Pg.381 , Pg.391 , Pg.395 , Pg.396 , Pg.397 , Pg.420 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.240 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.334 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.19 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.24 , Pg.44 , Pg.51 , Pg.54 , Pg.57 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.87 , Pg.91 , Pg.99 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.189 , Pg.191 , Pg.1152 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.283 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.75 , Pg.93 ]




SEARCH



6-9 desaturase

Desaturases

Inhibition phytoene desaturase

Phytoene

Phytoene desaturase inhibitors

Phytoenes

Structure phytoene desaturase inhibitors

Synthetic Routes for Phytoene Desaturase Inhibitors

© 2024 chempedia.info