PENICILLINS AND OTHERS

In general, penicillins exert thek biological effect, as do the other -lactams, by inhibiting the synthesis of essential structural components of the bacterial cell wall. These components are absent in mammalian cells so that inhibition of the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall stmcture occurs with Htde or no effect on mammalian cell metaboHsm. Additionally, penicillins tend to be kreversible inhibitors of bacterial cell-wall synthesis and are generally bactericidal at concentrations close to thek bacteriostatic levels. Consequently penicillins have become widely used for the treatment of bacterial infections and are regarded as one of the safest and most efficacious classes of antibiotics. 

Chemical Abstracts most penicillins as 4-thia-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-7-ones (2). Using this system, penicillin G [161-33-6] (1, R = 

Landmarks in the development of penicillin are its discovery in 1929 (2) and the subsequent recognition in 1940 of the potential utiUty of penicillin for controlling antibacterial infections in animals (3) and shordy afterward in humans (4,5). The realization that penicillin was a usehil dmg occurred during WoddWar II (6). 

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 

Name CAS Registry Number Molecular formula Stmcture Reference number R R R b RouteC Av dose. g/d 

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ANTIBIOTICS - BETA-LACTAMS - PENICILLINS AND OTHERS] (Vol 3) -aquaculture chemical [AQUACULTURE CHEMICALS] (Vol 3)... 

Derivatiziag an organic compound for analysis may require only a few drops of reagent selected from silylatiag kits suppHed by laboratory supply houses. Commercial syathesis of penicillins requires silylatiag ageats purchased ia tank cars from the manufacturer (see Antibiotics, P-LACTAMS-penicillins AND others). 

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