Geotrichum candidum

Figure 8.18 Acetone treatment of Geotrichum candidum for the improvement of enantioselectivity [14].

Figure 8.23 Reduction of ketones with Geotrichum candidum in the presence of hydrophobic polymer XAD [19a],...

O Water absorbing polymer Figure 8.26 Asymmetric reduction of ketones in CO2 by Geotrichum candidum immobilized whole cell [20], (a) Time course for the reduction of o-fluoroacetophenone (b) substrate specificity (c) apparatus for C. candidum-cata yzed reduction with semiflow process using scC02. 

Matsuda recently reported an elegant solution for using a delicate enzyme system in an IL solvent system (Fig. 20). The authors prepared Geotrichum candidum IF05767 dried cell on water-absorbing polymer BL-100 and used... 

Figure 20 Use of IL as reaction medium for asymmetric reduction by Geotrichum candidum.

Enzymes PPL, lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens F-AP, lipase from Rhizopus orizae AP-6, lipase from Aspergillus niger, SP-254, lipase from Aspergillus oryzae P-2, Chirazyme WCPC, whole cell cultures of Penicillium citrinum WCPFL, whole cell cultures of Pseudomona fluorescens CAL-B, lipase from Candida antarctica B PS-C, lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia GCL, lipase from Geotrichum candidum. n.r. not reported. 

In addition to bacterial conversion of L-methionine to cheese aroma compounds, certain cheese-ripening yeasts have been implicated. They include De-baromyces hansenii, Geotrichum candidum, and Yarrowia lipolytica, in addition to Kluyveromyces lactis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (previously noted). Of these yeasts, Geotrichum candidum was most effective at producing sulfur compounds with the major product being S-methyl thioacetate, with smaller amounts of MT, DMS, DMDS, and DMTS. Kluyveromyces lactis had a similar profile, but produced a much smaller amount of S-methyl thioacetate than did G. candidum. S-Methyl thioacetate is formed by a reaction of MT and acetyl-CoA (Equation 7) ... 

Geotrichum candidum Reactive Red 33 Acid Red 73 Acid Blue 324 Reactive Black 5 100-200 ppm Not referred [30]... 

Kim SJ, Ishikawa K, Hirai M et al (1995) Characteristics of a newly isolated fungus, Geotrichum candidum Dec 1, which decolorizes various dyes. J Ferment Bioeng 79 601-607... 

Lipase (Geotrichum candidum) Ser217 Glu354 His463 [35]... 

Nakamura, K., Inoue, Y., Matsuda, T. and Misawa, I., Stereoselective oxidation and reduction by immobilized Geotrichum candidum in an organic solvent. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1999, 2397-2402. 

Fungi - Geotrichum candidum Neoefrapeptins - insecticidai peptides 48... 

Nakamura et al. have used another strain of this fungus. Geotrichum candidum IFO 5767, to deracemize various arylethanols to give the (i )-alcohol 13 in high yield and enantiomeric excess [161 (Scheme 7). 

Both of the aforementioned lipases contain Asp-His-Ser triades different catalytic triades can be found, e.g., in Geotrichum candidum (Glu-His-Ser) [7] or in Humkola lanuginosa (Asp-His-Tyr) [8]. 

SYNTHESIS OF BOTH ENANTIOMERS OF 1-PHENYLETHANOL BY REDUCTION OF ACETOPHENENONE WITH GEOTRICHUM CANDIDUM IFO 5767... 

Microbial reduction of ketones is a useful method for the preparation of optically active secondary alcohols. Recently, both enantiomers of secondary alcohols were prepared by reduction of the corresponding ketones with a single microbe.Thus, reduction of aromatic ketones with Geotrichum candidum IFO 5767 afforded the corresponding 5-alcohols in an excellent ee when Amberlite XAD-7, a hydro-phobic polymer, was added to the reaction system the same microbe afforded... 

Some hydrolases, especially the lipases from Candida rugosa (CRL) and Geotrichum candidum are sensitive to the acetaldehyde produced from reactions with... 

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