Rhizopus oryzae strains

Saito, K., Saito, A., Ohnishi, M., and Oda, Y. 2004. Genetic diversity in Rhizopus oryzae strains as revealed by the sequence of lactate dehydrogenase genes. Archives of Microbiology 182 30-36. 

HUal N, NigmatuUin R, Alpatova A (2004) Immobilization of cross-linked lipase aggregates within microporous polymeric membranes. J Membrane Sci 238(1-2) 131-141 Hiol A, Jonzo MD, Rugani N et al. (2000) Purification and characterization of an extracellular lipase from a thermophilic Rhizopus oryzae strain isolated from palm fruit. Enzyme Microb Technol 26 421 30... 

Oda, Y, Yajima, Y, Kinoshita, M., Ohnishi, M., 2003. Differences of Rhizopus oryzae strains in organic acid synthesis and fatty acid composition. Food Microbiology 20, 371-375. 

A practical technique for lactic acid fermentation of potato pulp has been developed (Oda et al., 2002). They screened 38 strains of the fungus Rhizopus oryzae either lactic acid or fumaric acid and ethanol were formed, and the ratio differed among the strains tested. Saito et al. (2003) studied the effect of pectinolytic enzymes on lactic acid fermentation of potato pulp by different Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 395 and NBRC 4707 strains. When a commercial preparation of pectinase was added to potato pulp inoculated with fungal spores and incubated for 7 days, both strains effectively produced larger amounts of lactic acid and ethanol. These data indicated that the fermentation of potato pulp depends on the degradation of pectic substances in NRRL 395 and NBRC 4707. Saito et al. (2006) evaluated the potato pulp obtained in different seasons and found pectin content to be dependent on the dates of extraction. 

Immobilisation of an Acetobacter aceti strain in calcium alginate resulted in improvement of the operational stability, substrate tolerance and specific activity of the cells and 23 g phenylacetic acid was produced within 9 days of fed-batch cultivation in an airlift bioreactor [133]. Lyophilised mycelia of Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus oryzae have been shown to efficiently catalyse ester formation with phenylacetic acid and phenylpropanoic acid and different short-chain alkanols in organic solvent media owing to their carboxylesterase activities [134, 135] (Scheme 23.8). For instance, in n-heptane with 35 mM acid and 70 mM alcohol, the formation of ethyl acetate and propylphenyl acetate was less effective (60 and 65% conversion yield) than if alcohols with increased chain lengths were used (1-butanol 85%, 3-methyl-l-butanol 86%, 1-pentanol 91%, 1-hexanol 100%). This effect was explained by a higher chemical affinity of the longer-chain alcohols, which are more hydrophobic, to the solvent. 

Deng Y, Li S, Xu Q, Gao M, Huang H. (2012). Production of fumaric acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starchy materials with 2-deoxyglucose-resistantmutant strains of Rhizopus oryzae. Bioresour Technol, 107, 363-367. 

Bai D, Zhao X, Li X, Xu S. Strain improvement of Rhizopus oryzae for over-production of L(+)-lactic acid and metabohc flux analysis of mutants. Biochem EngJ 2004 18 41-8. 

Bai DM, Li SZ, Liu ZL, Cui ZF (2008) Enhanced L-(-l-)-LA production by an adapted strain of Rhizopus oryzae using corncob hydrolysate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 144 79-85. doi 10. 1007/sl2010-007-8078-y... 

Ghosh B, Ray RR (2011) Current commercial perspective of Rhizopus oryzae a review. J AppI Sci ll(14) 2470-2486. doi 10.3923/jas.2011.2470.2486 Giraud E, Champailler A, Raimbault M (1994) Degradation of raw starch by a wild amylolytic strain of Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl Environ Microbiol 60(12) 4319-4323 Giurca R, Levin RE (1992) Optimization of the lactic acid fermentation of hydrolyzed cod gurry with molasses. J Food Biochem 16 83-97... 

Fumaric acid can be produced by Rhizopus, Mucor, Cmninghamella, and Circinella species, among which, several Rhizopus species nigricans, arrhizus, oryzae, md formosa) are the best-producing strains, yielding fumaric acid under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 

Protease B. licheniformis, A. oryzae, A. niger. Pseudomonas sp., Penicillium chrysosporium, Rhizopus oligosporus, Actinomy-cetes strain... 

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