Organic compounds, in atmospheric

Hansen, K. J., B. N. Hansen, E. Cravens, and R. E. Sievers, Supercritical Fluid Extraction—Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Organic Compounds in Atmospheric Aerosols, Anal. Chem., 67, 3541-3549 (1995). 

Tang, H., E.A. Lewis, D.J. Eatough, R.M. Burton, and R.J. Farber. 1994. Determination of the particle size distribution and chemical composition of semi-volatile organic compounds in atmospheric fine particles with a diffusion denuder sampling system. Atmos. Environ. 28 939-947. 

Chan, M. N., Choi, M. Y., Ng, N. L., and Chan, C. K. (2005). Hygroscopicity of water-soluble organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols Amino acids and biomass burning derived organic species. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39,1555-1562. 

Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., Fuzzi, S., and Tagliavini, E. (2000). Characterization of water-soluble organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols A new approach. 7. Geophys. Res. 105,1481-1489. 

Shimmo, M., A. Piia, K. Hartonem, et al. 2004. Identification of organic compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles by on-line supercritical fluid extraction-liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry./. Chromatogr. A 1022 151-159. 

Falkovich AH, Rudich Y. 2001. Analysis of semivolatile organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols by direct sample introduction thermal desorption CC/MS. Environ SciTechnol 35 2326-2333. 

Welch DI, Watts CD. 1990. Collection and identification of trace organic compounds in atmospheric deposition from a semi-rural site in the U.K. Int J Environ Anal Chem 38(2) 185-198. 

Although much emphasis has been placed on characterisation of the organic compounds in atmosphere, recent research suggests that a substantial fraction of both gas-phase and aerosol atmospheric organics have not been, or have very rarely been, determined. A major challenge in atmospheric chemistry research will be to elucidate the sources, structure, transformation and formation processes, and fate of the clearly ubiquitous, yet poorly constrained, organic atmospheric constituents. 

He, L-Y., Hu, M., Huang, X-F., Zhang, Y-H., Tang, X-Y. (2006). Seasonal pollution characteristics of organic compounds in atmospheric fine particles in Beijing. Sci Total... 

HO oxidation of CO is much faster than the reaction with methane, resulting in a mean CO lifetime of about two months, but considerably slower than reaction with the majority of the nonmethane hydrocarbons. Table I gives representative removal rates for a number of atmospheric organic compounds their atmospheric lifetimes are the reciprocals of these removal rates (see Equation E4, below). The reaction sequence R31, R13, R14, R15 constitutes one of many tropospheric chain reactions that use CO or hydrocarbons as fuel in the production of tropospheric ozone. These four reactions (if not diverted through other pathways) produce the net reaction... 

Gusten, H., Filby, W.G. and Schoaf, S., Prediction of Hydroxyl Radical Reaction Rates with Organic Compounds in the Gas Phase, Atmospheric Environ., 15 1763-1765 (1981). 

Daisey JM, Hodgson AT, Fisk WJ, et al. 1994. Volatile Organic Compounds in Twelve California Office Buildings Classes, Concentrations and Sources. Atmospheric Environment 28(22) 3557-3562. 

Isidorov VA, Zenkevich IG, Ioffe BV. 1985. Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of forest. Atmos Environ 19(1) 1-8. 

Harkov R. 1986. Semi volatile organic compound in the atmosphere A review. J Environ Sci Health... 

Several years later, the next step in the application of MS-MS for mixture analysis was developed by Hunt et al. [3-5] who described a master scheme for the direct analysis of organic compounds in environmental samples using soft chemical ionisation (Cl) to perform product, parent and neutral loss MS-MS experiments for identification [6,7]. The breakthrough in LC-MS was the development of soft ionisation techniques, e.g. desorption ionisation (continuous flow-fast atom bombardment (CF-FAB), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) or laser desorption (LD)), and nebulisation ionisation techniques such as thermospray ionisation (TSI), and atmospheric pressure ionisation (API) techniques such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI), and electrospray ionisation (ESI). 

Ligocki MP, Leuenber C, Pankow JF. 1985. Trace organic compounds in rain II. Gas scavenging of neutral organic compounds. Atmospheric Environ 19(10) 1609-1617. 

Cindy Lee is a Professor at the Marine Sciences Research Center of Stony Brook University. Dr. Lee s research examines the distribution and behavior of biogenic organic compounds, in particular the rates and mechanisms of transformation reactions occurring as these compounds undergo alteration. Her research investigates organic compounds in the sediments and waters of open ocean and coastal areas, salt marshes, lakes, as well as the atmosphere above these areas. Her expertise centers on the analytical techniques used to measure organic matter in the ocean. Dr. Lee is cur-... 

Neilen et al. [502] coupled an SFE system with a GC-ECD for on-line determination of PCBs which had been trapped onto solid adsorbents such as Tenax. Their application was primarily to determine organic compounds in the atmosphere, but such a system could be adapted to trap a cleaned-up extract from biological tissue prior to analysis by GC-ECD or MS. 

There are three major sources of the NO formed in combustion (1) oxidation of atmospheric (molecular) nitrogen via the thermal NO mechanisms (2) prompt NO mechanisms and (3) oxidation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in fossil fuels via the fuel-bound NO mechanisms [1], The extent to which each contributes is an important consideration. 

EPA. 1988f Method T02. Method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in ambient air by carbon molecular sieve adsorption and GC/MS. Compendium of methods for the determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC. EPA/600/4-89/017. 

Our knowledge of the chemical and physical processes that govern aerosol formation in the atmosphere is limited, and further research in the field is badly needed. Attention should be focused on laboratory studies of aerosol formation from aromatic hydrocarbons. The concentrations of aerosol precursors in the atmosphere should be determined more data on organic compounds in ambient aerosols are needed to estimate the relative importance of olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons as aerosol precursors. 

Grob, K., and G. Grob. Gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigation of Cf-Cto organic compounds in an urban atmosphere. An application of ultra trace analysb on capillary columns. J. Chromatogr. 62 1-13, 1972. 

Jones, P. W. Analysis of Nonparticulate Organic Compounds in Ambient Atmospheres. Paper 74-265 Presented at 67th Annuai Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Denver, Colorado, June 9-13, 1974. 19 pp. 

Noziere, B., Longfellow, C.A., Henry, B.E., Voisin, D., and Hanson, D.R. Uptake ofnopinone by water comparison between aqueous and gas-phase oxidation of organic compounds in the atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(10) 1965-1968, 2001. 

J.E. Rodriguez, Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization of Nitro-Organic Compounds in Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility Spectrometry, MS Thesis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA, May 1996. 

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