Water solubility of organic compounds

Baneijee, S. (1985) Calculation of water solubility of organic compounds with UNIFAC-derived parameters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 369-370. 

Brooker, P.J. and Ellison, M. The determination of the water solubility of organic compounds by a rapid turbidimetric method, Chem. Ind., (October 1974), pp. 785-787. 

Wasik, S.P., Tewari, Y.B., Miller, M.M., Martire, D.E. (1981) Octanol/Water Partition Coefficients and Water Solubilities of Organic Compounds. NBSIR No.81-2406. U.S. Dept, of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 

Yalkowsky and Banerjee have pubhshed an extensive review of methods for estimating aqueous water solubility of organic compounds. Many methods have been developed based on measured properties such as partition coefficients, chromatographic parameters, and activity coefficients. " Purely in silico methods are based on LFER, and a variety of geometric, electronic, and topological molecular descriptors. ... 

Bailey, G.W., White, J.L. (1965) Herbicides—A compilation of their physical, chemical, and biological properties.10,97. Baneijee, S. (1985) Calculation of water solubility of organic compounds with UNIFAC-derived parameters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 369-370. 

Bharath, A., Mallard, C., Orr, D., Ozburn, G. and Smith, A. 1984. Problems in determining the water solubility of organic compounds. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 33 133-137. 

Divide the saturated solution of n-butyl alcohol in water into three approximately equal parts. Treat these respectively with about 2-5 g. of sodium chloride, potassium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, and shake each until the soli have dissolved. Observe the effect of these compounds upon the solubility of n-butanol in water. These results illustrate the phenomenon of salting out of organic compounds, t.e., the decrease of solubility of organic compounds in water when the solution is saturated with an inorganic compound. The alcohol layer which separates is actually a saturated solution of water in n-butyl alcohol. 

Non-aqueous microemulsions have been prepared by replacing water with formamide, a highly structured polar solvent [71]. Formamide enhances the solubility of organic compounds and is also used as a reactant. 

Metal ions in aqueous solution exist as complexes with water. The solubility of organic compounds in water depends primarily on their polarity and their ability to form hydrogen bonds with water. Organic compounds with a large part of polar components such as acetic acid, dissolve in water without limit. In such cases, the polar part dominates. By contrast, soaps and detergents have a polar end attached to a relatively large nonpolar part of the molecule. They have limited solubility and the molecules tend to coalesce to form micelles. 

Solubility of the water/benzene system (taken from Seidell, A. S., Solubilities of Organic Compounds, 3rd edn, Vol. II, 1941, Van Nostrand). 

Muller, M., Klein, W. (1992) Comparative evaluation of methods predicting water solubility for organic compounds. Chemosphere 25, 769-782. 

Lunde, G. 1973. The synthesis of fat and water soluble arseno organic compounds in marine and limnetic algae. Acta Chem. Scand. 27 1586-1594. 

Lyubartsev, A.P., Jacobsson, S.P., Sundholm, G and Laaksonen, A. Solubility of organic compounds in water/octanol systems. An expanded ensemble molecular dynamics simulation study of log Pparameters, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105(32) 7775-7782, 2001. 

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