Toxicity organic compounds

Toxic organic compounds High pressure liquid chromatography ... 

Raw material input to petroleum refineries is primarily crude oil however, petroleum refineries use and generate an enormous number of chemicals, many of which leave the facilities as discharges of air emissions, wastewater, or solid waste. Pollutants generated typically include VOCs, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOJ, nitrogen oxides (NOJ, particulates, ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (HjS) metals, spent acids, and numerous toxic organic compounds. 

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Highly toxic organic compounds used in the electrical industry, use of w hich is now restricted. 

EPA. 1988a. Compendium of methods for the determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air Method TO-f. Second supplement. Office of research and development, quality assurance division. Research Triangle Park, NC. 

The synthesis of toxic organic compounds by humans, and their release into the natural environment began to assume significant proportions during the 20th century, especially after the Second World War. Prior to 1900, the chemical industry was relatively small, and the largest chemical impact of humans on the environment was probably dne to the release of hydrocarbons, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with the combnstion of coal and other fuels. 

Aluminium, boron, silicon Lead in soil slurries Toxic organic compounds... 

EPA. 1987d. Intercomparison of sampling techniques for toxic organic compounds in indoor air. Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA/600/4-87/008. 

The term Total Toxic Organics (TTO) means the sum of the masses or concentrations of each of the following toxic organic compounds, which is found in the discharge at a concentration greater than 0.010 mg/L ... 

Toxic organic compounds commonly found in groundwater are presented in Table 18.4. Other toxic organic compounds (representing 1% of cases) include PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), 2,4-D, 2,4,5-TP (silvex), toxaphene, methoxychlor, lindane, and endrin, of which 2,4-D and silvex are commonly used for killing aquatic and land weeds. Inorganic toxic substances commonly found in... 

Toxic Organic Compounds Commonly Found in U.S. Groundwater... 

The concentration of a compound in water is controlled by its equilibrium solubility or solubility constant (the maximum amount of a compound that will dissolve in a solution at a specified temperature and pressure). Equilibrium solubility will change with environmental parameters such as temperature, pressure, and pH for example, the solubility of most organic compounds triples when temperature rises from 0°C to 30°C. Each type of waste has a specific equilibrium solubility at a given temperature and pressure. The solubility of toxic organic compounds is generally much lower than that of inorganic salts. This characteristic is particularly true of nonpolar compounds because of their hydrophobic character. 

Conversion of a toxic organic compound to a nontoxic organic compound. The pesticide 2,4-D can be detoxified microbially to 2,4-dichlorophenol. 

It permanently destroys toxic organic compounds contained in hazardous waste by breaking their chemical bonds and reverting them to their constituent elements, thereby reducing... 

Scott DR (1995) Empirical pattern recognition/expert system approach for classification and identification of toxic organic compounds from low resolution mass spectra. In Chemometrics in environmental chemistry - applications. Vol 2, part H (Vol ed J Einax), Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 25... 

Cherry AB, Gabaccia AJ, Senn FIW. 1956. The assimilation behavior of certain toxic organic compounds in natural water. Sewage and Industrial Wastes. 28 1137-1146. 

EPA method TO-14 Compendium of Methods for Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air EPA 600/4-84-041, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, April 1984, and May 1988. 

Stover, E. L., Fazel, A., and Kincannon, D. F., 1985, Powdered Activated Carbon and Ozone Assisted Activated Sludge Treatment for Removal of Toxic Organic Compounds Science and Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 191-203. 

Saunders, B. C. (1947). Toxic Organic Compounds containing Fluroine. Lecture to Xlth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 

Petrasek AC, Kugelman IJ, Austem BM, et al. 1983. Fate of toxic organic compounds in wastewater treatment plants. JWPCF 55 1286-1296. 

Corsi RL, Chang DPY, Schroeder ED, et al. 1987. Emissions of volatile and potentially toxic organic compounds from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Proceedings of the APAC Aimual Meeting, 6 1-14. 

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