Orchestration

A more recent development in quinone chemistry has been the tandem reaction sequence. In seeking elegant syntheses of complex molecules, careful orchestration of transformations has become essential. The use of the Thiele-Winter reaction in tandem with arylation gives good yields of pharmacologically interesting heterocycles, such as (62), from 2,5-dihydroxy-l,4-ben2oquinone [615-94-1] and pyridines, where R = H or CH (60). 

Motor proteins, also known as molecular motors, use chemical energy (ATP) to orchestrate all these movements, transforming ATP energy into the mechanical energy of motion. In all cases, ATP hydrolysis is presumed to drive and... 

Parallel to orchestrating acute inflammatory processes by providing an optimal milieu of cytokines, mediators, and adhesion molecules in order to recruit and activate effector cells to the site of infection, dendritic cells also setve as professional antigen-presenting cells for cells of the adaptive immune system ( antigen presentation ... 

Trost B. M. Molecnlar Gymnastics of Alkynes Orchestrated by Rntheninm Complexes Chem. Ber. 1996 129 1313-1322... 

Wuyts A, Overbergh L, Mathieu C, Ceuppens JL Interleukin-17 orchestrates the granulocyte influx into airways after allergen inhalation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003 28 42-50. 

Dvorak AM The mouse basophil, a rare and rarely recognized granulocyte. Blood 2000 96 1616-1617. Voehringer D, Shinkai K, Locksley RM Type 2 immunity reflects orchestrated recruitment of cells committed to IL-4 production. Immunity 2004 20 267-277. 

Keaveney M, Struhl K Activator-mediated recruitment of the RNA polymerase machinery is the predominant mechanism for transcriptional activation in yeast. Mol Cell 1998 1 917. Lemon B, Tjian R Orchestrated response a symphony of transcription factors for gene control. Genes Dev 2000 l4 255l. Maniatis T, Reed R An extensive network of coupling among gene expression machines. Nature 2002 416 499. 

Lemon B, Tjian R Orchestrated response a symphony of transcription factors for gene control. Genes Dev 2000 14 2551. 

Ebnet K, Kaldjian EP, Anderson AO, Shaw S (1996) Orchestrated information transfer underlying leukocyte endothelial interactions. Annu Rev Immunol 14 155-177 Edinger AL, Blanpain C, Kunstman KJ, Wohnsky SM, Parmentier M, Dorns RW (1999) Functional dissection of CCR5 coreceptor function through the use of CD4-independent simian immunodeficiency virus strains. J Virol 73(5) 4062 073 Edwards TG, Hoffman TL, Baribaud E, Wyss S, LaBranche CC, Romano J, Adkinson J, Sharron M, Hoxie JA, Dorns RW (2001) Relationships between CD4 independence, neutralization sensitivity, and exposure of a CD4-induced epitope in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein. J Virol 75(ll) 5230-5239... 

Ley, S.V., Schucht, O., Thomas, A.W., Murray, P.J. (1999) Synthesis of the Alkaloids ( )-Oxomaritidine and ( )-Epimaritidine Using an Orchestrated Multi-Step Sequence of Polymer Supported Reagents. Journal of the Chemical Society Perkin Transactions I, 1251-1252. 

In collaboration with PA Baeuerle (Freibuig), active NF-xB has been detected immunohistochemically in rheumatoid synovium by using a polyclonal antibody directed against the Rel-A NLS subunit of NF-xB (M.L. Kus, unpublished observations). The antibody employed in these studies was considered to be activity specific because IxB sterically masks the NLS sequence. NF-xB activation by ROM in the rheumatoid joint may orchestrate some of the chronic inflammatory processes characteristic of this disease. It is plausible that lL-1 and TNFo generated in the inflamed synovium as well as the up-regulated expression of adhesion molecules may be under the influence of NF-xB. 

Gonzalo JA, Lloyd CM, Wen D, et al. The coordinated action of CC chemokines in the lung orchestrates allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. J... 

Even as Carothers was explaining the fundamental nature of large biological molecules, he orchestrated a miraculous two weeks in the history of industrial research. During April 1930, he and his team invented not only Neoprene, the first high-grade synthetic rubber, but also polyester, the first synthetic fiber that closely resembled silk. It was a dazzling accomplishment that can still make industrial chemists starry-eyed. 

The brain is the integrative portion of the nervous system that serves to receive, process, and store sensory information and then plan and orchestrate the appropriate motor response. It is divided into several anatomically and functionally distinct regions (see Table 6.2). The forebrain consists of the cerebrum, basal ganglia, thalamus, and hypothalamus. The midbrain, along with the pons and the medulla of the hindbrain, composes the functional region referred to as the brainstem. The cerebellum is also considered a component of the hindbrain but is functionally distinct from the brainstem. 

Li, Y Gao, X. B., Sakurai, T. van den Pol, A. N. (2002). Hypocretin/orexin excites hypocretin neurons via a local glutamate neuron-A potential mechanism for orchestrating the hypothalamic arousal system. Neuron 36, 1169-81. 

At the beginning of the orchestral prelude to his opera "Rheingold , Richard Wagner brilliantly shaped the myth of creation in music, which describes nature in its primordial state, at the absolute beginning of all things. For many bars there is no modulation, no chordal variation. Then a chord in E flat minor appears first the tonic can be heard in unfathomable depths, followed by the addition of a fifth, which finally becomes a triad. The nature motive develops as the leitmotif of all creation (Donington, 1976). 

---