Allergic inflammation

The activation of mast cells and T cells results in late-phase reactions. Both immediate hypersensitivity and late-phase reactions are evident in the skin of atopic as well as nonatopic individuals after the cross-linking of IgE-bound mast cells with an antibody against IgE. The atopic asthmatic could develop late-phase reaction even in the absence of mast cell-related immediate hypersensitivity reaction, which is mast cell-independent and HLA-dependent, suggesting the role of T cells by themselves in causing asthma symptoms in atopic asthmatics. 

Cysteinyl leukotrienes and platelet-activating factors released by eosinophils injure mucosal surfaces of the airways. Furthermore, they damage M2 muscarinic receptors and as a result the cholinergic response is unchecked in the absence of inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors. The production of eosinophils is regulated 

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Vascular constriction/bronchial cons trie tion/allergic inflamm. platelet ag... 

In addition to binding of FceRII at the surface of B cells, IgE also binds FceRI at the surface of DCs and monocytes. This process increases the uptake of allergen by DCs and the subsequent presentation to specific Th cells, which drive the late phase of the allergic inflammation [3,144]. 

Liu YJ Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and 0X40 ligand pathway in the initiation of dendritic cell-mediated allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 120 238-246. 

JT. Kim YK. Zhu Z Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 deficiency leads to 128 a spontaneous allergic inflammation in the murine lung. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 19 123-131. 

Holgate S, Casale T. Wenzel S. Bousquet J. Deniz Y. Reisner C The anti-inflammatory effects of omali-zumab confirm the central role of IgE in allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005 115 459-465. 

H, Nishioka K, Hirokawa K, Etori M, Yamashita M, Kubota X Minegishi Y, Yonekawa Y, Karasuyama H Basophils play a critical role in the development of IgE-mediated chronic allergic inflammation independently of T cells and mast cells. Immunity 2005 31 23 191-202. 

Y Minegishi Y, Watanabe N, Karasuyama H 32 Basophils are essential initiators of a novel type of chronic allergic inflammation. Blood 2007 110 913- 33 920. 

Basophils Initiate IgE-Mediated Chronic Allergic Inflammation... 

Gonzalo JA, Lloyd CM, Wen D, et al. The coordinated action of CC chemokines in the lung orchestrates allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. J... 

Wakelin, D. (1993) Allergic inflammation as a hypothesis for the expulsion of worms from tissues. Parasitology Today 9, 115-116. 

T-lymphocyte activation leads to release of cytokines from type 2 T-helper (TH2) cells that mediate allergic inflammation (interleukin [IL] -4, IL-5, and IL-13). Conversely, type 1 T-helper (THj) cells produce IL-2 and interferon-y that are essential for cellular defense mechanisms. Allergic asthmatic inflammation may result from an imbalance between THj and TH2 cells. 

Maezawa, Y. et al., IgE-dependent enhancement of Th2 cell-mediated allergic inflammation in the airways, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 135, 12, 2004. 

Hastie, A.T., et al., HSP27 elevated in mild allergic inflammation protects airway epithelium from H2S04 effects, Am. J. Physiol. 273, 2 Pt 1, L401, 1997. 

Nakae S, Lunderius C, Ho LH, Schafer B, Tsai M, Galli SJ TNF can contribute to multiple features of ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 19 680-686. 

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