Operational data recording

In this chapter we revisited an old problem, namely, exploring the information provided by a set of (x, y) operation data records and learn from it how to improve the behavior of the performance variable, y. Although some of the ideas and methodologies presented can be applied to other types of situations, we defined as our primary target an analysis at the supervisory control level of (x, y) data, generated by systems that cannot be described effectively through first-principles models, and whose performance depends to a large extent on quality-related issues and measurements. 

Electronic— All electronic format data are included in this category. Examples are operating data recorded by a control system, both current and historical, controller set points, and email. Email may provide a record of what and how people were thinking when decisions relating to the incident were made. This can be an important and powerful source of information. 

Electronic (for example, operating data recorded by a control system, both current and historical, and controller set points)... 

ODR operational data recording OTE optical transparent electrically... 

C. Operator - data recorder. Operates the console control and keeps the reactor log, including compilation of the data and recording of which element goes in which position. 

So we have two methods to find the optimal zone from operation data records. These methods can be illustrated in Fig. 14.3 and Fig. 14.4. 

The different detergents are an attempt to copy the typical detergent composition commercially available in the U.S. and European markets. The more severe tests in the C06 series are designed to approximate the effect expected from five repeated launderings. In view of the variety of conditions associated with this test it is vital to ensure good communication and data recording in operating the test. 

The audit team, through its systematic analysis, should document areas that require corrective action as well as where the process safety management system is effective. This provides a record of the audit procedures and findings and serves as a baseline of operation data for future audits. It will assist in determining changes or trends in future audits. 

Documentation of the system design and operating data, analytical assumptions and constraints used in the analysis in a notebook becomes part of the QA record. However, it is useful to have documents analyses and records as computer files for handling the voluminous data reporting and presenting the results of the work. It provides. 

Degree-days Temperature data recorded over a 24-hour period as deviation from a certain base temperature used to deter mine the operating costs of a heating or air conditioning system depending on the external climatic conditions. 

All data recorded in the data base have been acquired from plant records. Statistical reductions of data for generation of reports or specific end use are available. Data are currently collected from four operating plants (eight units). Time clocks have been installed on components, to record actual exposure time. Event data are available on a broad variety of safety and commercial grade components including pumps, valves, transformers, diesels, filters, tanks (vessels), and heat exchangers. 

Given a set of existing (x, y) data records, where x is a vector of operating or decision variables, which are believed to influence the values taken on by y, y is a performance metric, usually assumed to be a quality characteristic of the product or process under analysis ... 

The total loss function, y, given by Eq. (23), is not directly measured and has to be computed from information that is available and collected from the process, consisting of (x, z) pairs. After defining an adequate loss function, L z), and considering operating costs, f, one can identify the (x, y) pairs that correspond to each of the initial (x, z) data records. 

To support the application of the learning methodology, fix) was used to generate 500 (x, 2, w) records of simulated operational data, transformed by Eq. (26) into an equivalent number of (x, y) pairs. Finally, the following constraints were imposed to the search procedure, 5 ... 

The overall system that we will analyze comprises the unbleached Kraft pulp line, chemicals and energy recovery zones of a specific paper mill (Melville and Williams, 1977). We will employ a somewhat simplified but still realistic representation of the plant, originally developed in a series of research projects at Purdue University (Adler and Goodson, 1972 Foster et al., 1973 Melville and Williams, 1977). The records of simulated operation data, used to support the application of our learning architecture, were generated by a reimplementation, with only minor changes, of steady-state models (for each individual module and the system as a... 

Fig. 3.3 Velocity control and synchronization of data recording by the multi-channel analyzer (MCA) operated in MCS mode with 512 channels. For the common triangular velocity profile shown here the spectrum is recorded twice, because each velocity increment is reached upon sweeping up and down. The sense of the velocity scales may also be opposite to that shown here, which means the MCA sweep may also start at...

Training and testing sessions were conducted in 10 identical isolated Col bourn operant chambers equipped with two levers mounted on either side of a motor-driven dipper. Reinforcement consisted of 3-second presentations of 0.2 ml Carnation Slender, a commercial liquid diet food, diluted 1 1 with water. Reinforcement contingencies and data recording were performed using a Rockwell AIM 65 microcomputer. 

Restelli and Coull [AIChE J., 72 (292), 1966] have studied the transmethylation reaction of dimethylamine in a differential flow reactor using montmorillonite as a catalyst. They measured initial reaction rates under isothermal conditions for this heterogeneous catalytic process. Steady-state operating data were recorded. 

Automatic analysis consists essentially of the same steps as the corresponding manual method (p. 4). In some cases this may be simple, the requirements amounting to a mechanical device for presenting the sample to the detector, a timer to control the time of measurement and a data recorder. However, if sample pretreatment and separations are necessary a variety of wet chemical stages needs to be automated. Such automated steps may be included in what remains essentially as an operator procedure. For... 

Temperature measurement was historically done with a mercury thermometer. Modern instruments have electronic temperature sensors that can be coupled with digital temperature readouts. Digital temperature monitoring also allows the operator to record the observed melting point with the press of a keypad button. Data can be stored within the instrument or transmitted to a computer or laboratory information management system (LIMS). 

After start-up, the system should be checked at least weekly, with some observations, notably in the early phases, requiring daily monitoring. Information such as ground-water levels, extraction and injection flow rates, groundwater electron acceptor concentrations, nutrient concentrations, pH, and conductivity should be recorded at least on a weekly basis. Complete records of rates, concentrations, electrical usage, and other operational data can be invaluable when evaluating operational efficiency or documenting unit costs. 

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