Loss-of-function

Temperatures should not exceed 60°C for the Type I resins, and 40°C for Type II and acryflc resins. Thermal degradation and the loss of functional groups occur when these temperatures are exceeded. Elimination of siUca from the resin bed is further improved by preheating the bed with warm water before injecting the NaOH solution. 

This is also the case with methods that yield information on localized corrosion. The overall corrosion rate may be small when locahzed attack occurs, but failure due to perforation or loss of function may be the consequence of locahzed attack. 

Redundancy. Redundancy is the use of more than the minimum number of items required to accomplish a given safety function. This allows the failure or unavailability of one item to be tolerated without loss of function. 

FMEA examines each potential failure mode of a process to determine effects of failure on the system. A failure mode is anything that fails hardware. It may be a loss of function, unwanted function, out-of-tolerance condition, or a failure such as a leak. The significance of a failure mode depends on how the system responses to the failure. 

Failure mode A symptom, condition, or fashion in which hardware fails. A mode might be identified as a loss of function premature function (function without demand) and out of tolerance condition or a simple physical characteristic such as a leak (incipient failure mode) observed during inspection. 

Given a large population of individuals, a considerable number of sequence variants can be found for a protein. These variants are a consequence of mutations in a gene (base substitutions in DNA) that have arisen naturally within the population. Gene mutations lead to mutant forms of the protein in which the amino acid sequence is altered at one or more positions. Many of these mutant forms are neutral in that the functional properties of the protein are unaffected by the amino acid substitution. Others may be nonfunctional (if loss of function is not lethal to the individual), and still others may display a range of aberrations between these two extremes. The severity of the effects on function depends on the nature of the amino acid substitution and its role in the protein. These conclusions are exemplified by the more than 300 human... 

These considerations lead to the conclusion that the relationship between corrosion and deterioration of properties of a metal is highly complex, and involves a consideration of a variety of factors such as the rate and form of corrosion and the specific function of the metal concerned certain forms of corrosion such as uniform attack can be tolerated, whereas others such as pitting and stress corrosion cracking that ultimately lead to complete loss of function, cannot. 

On pharmacodynamic grounds, tumor resistance may be caused by such diverse mechanisms as the mutation or redundancy of topo II, the overexpression and preferred nuclear localization of proteasome a-type subunits (leading to a anomalous degradation of topo II), genetic deletion or loss-of-function mutations of p53, overexpression of ROS-detoxifying enzymes, overexpression of Bcl-2 (leading to a diminished cyt c release), etc. However, none of these factors would universally predict the development of anthracycline-resistance in a given tumor or another. 

Btk (Bruton s tyrosine kinase) is a phosphatidylinositol 3 -kinase sensitive cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase. Germline loss of function mutations of Btk cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia in human and X-linked immunodeficiency in mice. 

Kir 1.1. Bartter Syndrome. Several mutations in the core region as well as in the N and C terminus of Kir 1.1 are found in patients with hyperprostaglandin E syndrome (HPS renal disorder resulting from impairment of tubular reabsorption), an antenatal form of Bartter syndrome. Some of these mutations result in the loss of function of Kiri. 1 channels causing impaired renal K+ secretion and NaCl reabsorption. 

LDL receptor Loss-of-function (familial, autosomal dominant) Familial hypercholesterolemia (impaired clearance of LDL)... 

LRP1B Loss-of-function (sporadic) Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, nonsmall-cell lung cancer... 

As the ubiquitin proteasome pathway is a main route for protein clearance it is not surprising that in protein-opathies (disease caused by aggregate prone proteins) like sporadic Parkinson- or Huntington disease proteasome activity is reduced. Autosomal recessive loss of function of the E3 ligase parkin is the molecular base for one of the most common forms of familial Parkinson disease. 

I he eyes and ears are subject to various disorders which range from mild to serious. Because the eyes and ears provide an interpretation of our outside environment, any disease or injury that has the potential for partial or total loss of function of these organs must be treated. 

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