Injection flow rates

Fluid Injected Flow Rate After poly(DADMAC) Treatment... 

The surfactant retention tests were performed in the porous medium at 43° C in sandpack (Sor = 0) saturated with brine (See composition in Table I). The injection flow rate used in these tests (2 cm3/h) corresponds to a front velocity of 30 to 40 cm/day. 

The radius of influence conducted at different pressures and injection flow rates ... 

After start-up, the system should be checked at least weekly, with some observations, notably in the early phases, requiring daily monitoring. Information such as ground-water levels, extraction and injection flow rates, groundwater electron acceptor concentrations, nutrient concentrations, pH, and conductivity should be recorded at least on a weekly basis. Complete records of rates, concentrations, electrical usage, and other operational data can be invaluable when evaluating operational efficiency or documenting unit costs. 

Fig. 8. Radionuclide migration studied in a granitic shear zone at the Grimsel test site, Switzerland (injection flow rate 10 mL/min extraction flow rate 150 mL/min, dipole distance 2.3 m). Am(III), Pu(IV) and Th(IV) are co-eluted with the colloids grey vertical lines indicate maxima of breakthrough curves (Geckeis et al. 2003). In order to allow a direct comparison of breakthrough curves, the colloid and radionuclide concentrations (c in mg/mL) in the extracted water samples are normalized to the total injected mass of individual colloid or radionuclide tracers (mn in mg).

Fig. 16.5. BIA chronoamperometric transient for the oxidation of 2mM lC Fe(CN)6 in 0.4 M K2S04 electrolyte injection of 100 p.L onto Pt disc electrode (d = 3.28 mm) at +0.6 V vs. SCE. Injection flow rate 75.3 (iL s micropipette tip internal diameter 0.47 mm. 1 = 0 corresponds to the start of the injection period.

Reaction or catalytic coke Can be measured properly in MST if a constant pressure profile is maintained. This can be achieved by using a constant catalyst bed height and constant feed injection flow rate. 

The frit-inlet injection device was originally apphed to the conventional symmetrical channel in order to bypass the stop-flow procedure [6]. However, the lowest axial flow rate that can be manipulated in a frit-inlet symmetrical system is hmited, because the total axial flow rate becomes the sum of the injection flow rate and frit flow rate, and the incoming cross-flow penetrates through the bottom wall at the same rate. The relatively high axial flow rate in a symmetrical system needs a very high cross-flow rate in order to separate relatively low-retaining materials, such as proteins or low-molecular-weight components. 

In the first experimental work on FIA-FIFF [1], the system efficiency was studied by examining the effect of the ratio of injection flow rate to frit flow rate on hydro-dynamic relaxation the initial tests showed a possibility of using hydrodynamic relaxation in asymmetrical flow FFF with a number of polystyrene latex standards, in both normal and steric/hyperlayer modes of FFF Normally, relaxational band broadening under hydrodynamic relaxation arises from a broadened starting band. The length of an initial sample band during hydrodynamic relaxation is dependent on flow rates as... 

The highest precision for quantitative GC is obtained using internal standards because the uncertainties introduced by sample injection, flow rate, and variations in column conditions are minimized. In this procedure, a carefully measured quantity of an internal standard is introduced into each standard and sample (see Section 8C-3), and the ratio of analyte peak area (or height) to internal-standard peak area (or height) is used as the analytical parameter (see Example 31 -1). For this method to be successful, it is necessary that the internal standard peak be well separated from the peaks of all other components in the sample. It must appear close to the analyte peak, however. Of course, the internal standard should be absent in the sample to be analyzed. With a suitable internal standard, precisions of 0.5% to 1 % relative are reported. 

Since the volumetric injection flow rate finj(r) may vary with time, we have to solve Eq. 9.1.4 simultaneously with Eq. 9.1.2. 

Pautz and Crocker (20) adapted Barkman and Davidson s internal cake permeability equation at a constant injection flow rate and derived... 

In the TRUE-1 tracer tests the mixtures of nonsorbing and sorbing tracers were injected in packed off sections as short pulses over about four hours. The collection took place in another borehole about 5 m distant. The injected flow rate with tracers was only a small fraction of the water collected in the withdrawal hole. Two different injection points were used. 

Figure 2. Variation of injection flow rate Q with time t for the case of injection temperature T/of 100 degC.

Figures. Change in the relationship between injection flow rate Q vi. time t, which is caused by the temperature difference AT(=Tr-Tf).

Third point When observing, open the valve first, seal up both ends of the test hole segment through capsule bulged, and then open the water injection system, offer certain water injection pressure (but less than capsule pressure), for the hole of water injection flow rate and water injection leak volume to achieve dynamic balance, finally measure per unit time of water injection by flow meter, namely water injection water leakage. 

Power Intensity (W/cm ) Air Injection Flow Rate (mUmin) Air Injection Rate (mUmin) and Ultrasonic Power Intensity /cm ) ... 

The vessel and pipe was pressurized with air up to 6 bar relative pressure. Thereafter the control valve was opened and as soon as the flow was fully developed the control valve was closed very rapidly. The water speed in the pipe before closing the valve was 6.51 m/s. With a variable area flow meter the gas injection flow rate was measmed. Based on the gas and liquid flow rates the gas fraction can be determined. The calculated volume gas fraction at normal... 

A core in these conditions must be cooled and the means available in a water reactor is, indeed, cold water. It is up to the judgement of the operator to decide, case by case, the way by which the cooling operation has to be performed. For example, proceeding by low duration injections and observing the result before continuing, or conveniently graduating the liquid injection flow rate. 

It leads to a set of JV - 1 equations for N unknown normalized injection flow rates Fj = 1 2,y/ i,o- Solving Equation 5.68 leads to the following expression for the normalized injection flow rates as a function of f 2-... 

From above equation, f) can be determined for a known value of F. Using above example (f = 1 and N = 4), the injection flow rate aty = 1 is = 0.182 resulting in a growth factor of 1.182. The adiabatic temperature rise at any injection point can be calculated according to Equation 5.64 ... 

The diameter of the fiber was foimd to be influenced by the applied voltage and the spinning distance. In contrast, the injection flow rate did not affect significantly the diameter. The electrospinning method can successfully reduce the commercial hydroxyapatite particle size in the range of 400-1100 nm into smaller than 100 nm. 

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