Omega-3 fatty acid composition

Clandinin, M.T., Foxwell, A., and Goh, Y.K. 1997. Omega-3 fatty acid intake results in a relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL cholesterol ester and LDL cholesterol content in humans. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1346, 247-252. 

Fatty acid composition of regular flax oil is different from other commercial oils because of the very high contribution of ALA, usually above 50% (Table 2). Because of the high content of this unique fatty acid, flaxseed and flax oil are often used as food supplements, where enrichment with omega-3 fatty acids is needed. This fatty acid is susceptible to oxidation it oxidizes 20 0 times faster than oleic acid and 2 times faster than linoleic acid (8). This property makes the oil a good material for paint and plastic production where fast oxidation is required. Flax oil contains low amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared with low linolenic flax oil (Linola), soybean, and sunflower oils however, it is higher than canola oil (Table 2). Canola oil contains the lowest amount of SFA among all commercial oils. 

Retail product No. 1 of Table 5 is likely to be simply salmon waste oil, the fish name conferring an elite status. Our research (Ackman, unpublished) suggests that many salmon oil encapsulated oils are unrelated to any salmon oil in fatty acid composition. In 1989, our analysis showed many products of this type to be exaggerated as to omega-3 fatty acid content (85), and a more recent European survey in 1998 gave comparable results and reported on quality (86). 

Maes M, Smith R, Christopher A, Cosyns P, Desnyder R, Meltzer H. Fatty acid composition in major depression-decreased omegaS fractions in cholesteryl esters and increased C20 4 omega6/( 20 5 omegaS ratio in cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. J Affect Disord 1996 . 18 35-46. 

We studied the extraction of lipids from algae (Isochrysis galbana Parke) to verify the possibility to enrich EPA, DHA or other omega-3 fatty acids for healthy products or pharmaceutical application (35). We found that the SFs allow the extraction of lipids from microalgae with interesting fatty acid composition and good extraction yield in comparison with traditional solvents. 

In order to choose between butter and maigarine, some information about the differing chemical composition is probably helpful. About 99% of natural fats and oils are usually triglycerides, which are esters of glycerol with long chain fatly acids (—>2.4,2.13), Saturated and unsaturated fats are both present. In the latter, there are double carbon-carbon bonds in the chain of fatty acids (Fig. 2.8). Another aspect focuses on omega fatty acids (—>2.13). 

Samman, S., Kimg, F.P., Carter, L.M., Foster, M.J., Ahmad, Z.I., Phuyal, J.L. and Petocz, P. (2009). Fatty acid composition of certified organic, conventional and omega-3 eggs. Food Chemistry, 116, 911-914. 

Chamock, J.S. (1 1) Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA s have different effects on the phospholipid fatty acid composition of rat myocardial muscle when added to a saturated fatty add dietary supplement. Nutr. Res. 11, 1013-1024. 

By incorporating GLA oils into chicken rations it is possible to produce eggs wi a modified fatty acid composition. This is a widely used method of incorporating particular fatty acids, such as omega-3 (n-3) acids and conjugated linoleic acid, into eggs. 

Ayerza, R., Coates, W., 1999. An omega-3 fatty acid enriched chia diet Influence on egg fatty acid composition, cholesterol and oil content. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79, 53-58. 

Sanders TAB, Younger KM (1981) The effect of dietary supplements of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of platelets and plasma choline phoq>hQglycerides. Br J Nutr 45 613-616... 

A chronic change in the diet can influence the composition of membrane phospholipids and such a change can be important in health. The ratio of the amount of these two fatty acids consumed (i.e. omega-6/omega-3) in a typical... 

Gonzalez-Esquerra, R. and Leeson, S. 2000. Effects of menhaden oil and flaxseed in broiler diets on sensory quality and lipid composition of poultry meat. British Poultry Sci. 41, 481—488. Gonzalez-Esquerra, R. and Leeson, S. 2001. Alternatives for enrichment of eggs and chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acids. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81, 295-305. 

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