Olive Family

Lilacs (Syringa spp.) are about 10 spedes of mbs and all trees in the olive family (Oleaceae). Lilacs are native to Eurasia but have been widely planted elsewhere as omamerrtal mbs. 

The olive family is a family of flowering plants known to botanists as the Oleaceae. The Oleaceae have... 

Chapter 3 compared the lilac Philosophers Stone with the lilac plant or Syringa vulgaris of the Olive family. The lilac is a native of Persia and some mountainous regions of Eastern Europe. It arrived in Britain in the sixteenth century. Lilac found uses in homoeopathic alchemy and medicine. It dispelled parasitic worms, reduced fever, and treated malaria. Sometimes, lilac substituted for Aloe Vera. 

CkiehonkMiie [(85,9/()-cinchonan-9-ol]. Formula, see quinine. C,9H22N20, Mr 294.40 plates or prisms, mp. 2I0 C, (a][) -110 (C2H5OH) well soluble in alcohol and chloroform. C. is an alkaloid of the Cinchona group ( Cinchona alkaloid), a quinoline alkaloid. C. is isolated from many Cinchona species (C. tucujensis, C. pubescens) and also occurs in Remijia species (Ruhi-aceae) and in some members of the olive family such as Olea europaea (olive tree) and Ligustrum vulgare (common privet). C. is obtained commercially from cinchona bark. 

Olives, which are classed as a fmit but used as a vegetable, belong to the olive family, Oleaceae. 

Keen J, Oliver P, Rowse G and Mathers N (2000). Keeping families of heroin addicts together Results of a thirteen months intake for community detoxification and rehabilitation at a Family Centre for drug users. Family Practice, 17, 484 -89. 

Oliver P, Keen J and Mathers N (2002). Deaths from drugs of abuse in Sheffield 1997-1999 What are the implications for GPs prescribing to heroin addicts Family Practice, 19(1), 93-94. 

Oleuropein (the most abundant bitter principle) and its analog ligstroside, both sec-oiridoid biophenols, were extracted from Hojiblanca black olives (Piperno and others 2004). Secoiridoids are present exclusively in plants of the Oleraceae family (Tripoli and others 2005). Oleuropein is present in high amounts (6000 90 mg/100 g DW) in the leaves of the olive tree (Le Tutour and others 1992), but it is also present in all constituent parts of the fruit peel, pulp, and seed (Servili and others 1999). 

Foote SL, Freedman R, Oliver AP Effects of putative neurotransmitters on neuronal activity in monkey auditory cortex. Brain Res 86 229-242, 1975 Ford DE, Kamerow DB Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders an opportunity for prevention JAMA 262 1479-1484, 1985 Foreman MM, Gehlert DR, Schaus JM Quinelorane, a potent and selective dopamine agonist for the D2-like receptor family. Neurotransmissions 11 1 -5, 1995 Forn J, Valdecasas FG Effects of lithium on brain adenyl cyclase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 20 2773-2779, 1971... 

Oleuropein, a secoiridoid glycoside Fraxinus excelsior (ash tree), Olea europaea (olive tree) and Ligustrum obtusifolium from the family Oleaceae are the major sources of oleuropein. This compound has hypotensive. 

Squalene takes part in metabolism as precursor for synthesis of steroids and structurally quite similar to (3-carotene, coenzyme qlO, vitamins Ki, E, and D. The squalene in skin and fat tissue comes from endogenous cholesterol synthesis as well as dietary resources in people who consume high amounts of olive and fish oil especially shark liver (Gershbein and Singh, 1969). Squalene is synthesized by squalene synthase which converts two units of farnesyl pyrophosphate, direct precursor for terpenes and steroids, into squalene. As a secosteroid, vitamin D biosynthesis is also regulated by squalene. Moreover, being precursor for each steroid family makes squalene a crucial component of the body. 

The family of the olive, known and widely used since ancient limes, supplies also timber (e.g., ash) and cultivated ornamentals and shrubs (e.g., lilac, jasmine), some of which are also used in perfumery. 

Frankincense or olibanum is an aromatic resin that is used as incense. It is the dried milky sap of trees in the genus Boswellia. Myrrh is the dried sap of trees in the genus Commiphora. Both of these genera are in the family Burseraceae, which also includes olives. Myrrh is used in perfumes and as incense. Both frankincense and myrrh were used as trade items, and their most popular uses were as incense at funerals and as additives in wine. 

At the DNA level, the isolated genes are dissimilar. For example, in wheat leaf and wheat endosperm, there is only 55.7% identity (Olive et al., 1989) and, on the basis of Southern blot hybridization analyses and restriction enzyme mapping, it is concluded that there are at least two distinct gene families in wheat. For spinach leaf and rice endosperm, there is only approximately a 50% identity (B. S. White and J. Preiss, unpublished results, 1998). 

The number of individuals affected by reproductive disorders is difficult to assess, and few population-based data are available for either men or women. Noticeably absent are data on fecundity and fertility impairments affecting men and only limited information on male-mediated developmental outcomes exists. Population-based data for impaired female fertility are available for select endpoints from the National Surveys of Family Growth (NSFG), which are conducted periodically and most recently in 1995. Data from the NSFG show that 6.2 million women (10.2%) between the ages of 15 and 44 in the United States had impaired fertility in 1995 (Stephen 1996). This number was estimated to increase to 6.3 million women in 2000 (Stephen and Chondra 1998). Other reproductive disorders in females that impact fecundity include endometriosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The prevalence of endometriosis in women of reproductive age is reported to be 10% (Houston 1984 Olive and Schwartz 1993), and no population-based prevalence data exist for PCOS. 

Our search for attractants is focused on the Tephritid family of fruit flies which Includes species that are of economic importance in Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. It is estimated that the olive fly, Dacus oleae. causes ten percent fruit drop in European olives. Of the Infested fruit remaining on the trees, 25 percent of the flesh is destroyed (48). A conservative estimate of the annual cost of the recent Medfly infestation in California, not including capital outlays, is 59 million for chemical controls, 38 million for quarantine and fumigation, and 260 million in crop losses (49). It is estimated that 70% of the susceptible fruit in Egypt is infested by the Medfly (50) and a 50 million control program has been started there. 

Olgiati VR, Guidobono F, Netti C, Pecile A (1983) Localization of calcitonin binding sites in rat central nervous system evidence of its neuroactivity. Brain Res 265 209-215 Oliver KR, Keyvan-Fouladi N (2000) Calcitonin gene-related peptide family receptor localization in the rat central nervous system. Eur J Neurosci 12 8472 Oluyomi AO, Hart SL (1991) Involvement of histamine in naloxone-resistant and naloxone-sensitive models of swim stress-induced antinociception in the mouse. Neuropharmacology 30 1021-1027... 

Some species, such as ash, have seasonally deciduous leaves, which fall off in the autumn after they become non-functional. Other species, such as olive, have persistent leaves, in that there are always some leaves attached to the tree, even when they are no longer functional. In most species in this family, the leaves arise opposite to one another on the stem. The leaves of some species, such as lilac and golden bell, are simple in that they consist of a single blade. The leaves of other species, such as ashes, are compound, and are composed of many separate leaflets. 

The olive tree (Ole a europea) is the best known and most economically important species in this family. This Mediterranean native produces olives and olive oil. Italy and Greece are the major producers of these products. However, olive trees are now cultivated throughout the world, including southern California, South America, and Australia. Olive trees cannot withstand cold winter temperatures. 

N5. Nyhan, W. L., Oliver, W. J., and Lesch, M., A familial disorder of uric acid metabolism and central nervous system function. II. J. Pediai. 67, 257-263 (1965). 

The olive tree Olea europaea) is the only species of the Oleacea family that produces an edible fruit. The origins of cultivation of this plant are thought to have started about 5,000-6,000 years ago in the eastern Mediterranean and adjacent zones [1]. Olive tree cultivation has now spread throughout many regimis of the world with Mediterranean-like climates such as South Africa, Chile, Australia, and California, and in areas with temperate climates such as New Zealand and Cordoba Province in Argentina. There are approximately 850 million productive olive trees worldwide, covering an area of more than ten million hectares [2,3]. Nevertheless, approximately 98% of the total surface area of oUve tree culture and total productive trees are provided by the Mediterranean area. Annual worldwide olive production is estimated to be more than 18 million tons [2]. 

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