Oligospermia

Endocrine disruptors apparently affect all nuclear receptors. Thus, a notable increment in impotence, alterations of the libido and of oligospermia in workers exposed to pesticides has been described. These alterations are due to the action of some compounds with estrogen-mimetic action and to their interaction with the androgen receptor. Additionally, alterations of thyroid function have been detected in rats exposed to dioxin and other toxic agents,... 

Occupational exposure to chlordecone for up to 1.5 years caused oligospermia and decreased sperm motility in male workers. However, no loss of fertility was reported by the workers (Guzelian 1982a Taylor 1982, 1985 Taylor et al. 1978). Refer to Section 2.2.1.5 for further details. 

Subhan F, Tahir F, Ahmad R, Khan ZD (1995) Oligospermia and its relation with hormonal profile. J Pak Med Assoc 45 246-247... 

DBCP has caused oligospermia and asper-mia in male workers. Initial documentation of these effects occurred in workers engaged in the production of DBCP at an agricultural chemical plant in Lathrop, California. Of 27... 

Subsequent studies in this and three other DBCP plants showed a total of more than 100 cases of oligospermia or aspermia. Exposures in one plant were estimated at 100-600 ppb. ... 

A recent cohort study of 26,000 workers from 12 countries outside the US found that after a median exposure to DBCP of 3 years, 64% of the men overall, and 90% of the men studied from the Philippines, had azoospermia or oligospermia. The percentage of men with no children was 28.5% overall. 

Male exposure to DCBP has also been associated with an increased frequency of spontaneous abortions in wives of exposed workers, but congenital abnormalities have not been reported among children of workers who received sufficient DBCP exposure to induce oligospermia. ... 

Slutsky M, Levin JL, Levy BS Azospermia and oligospermia among a large cohort of DBCP applicators in 12 countries. IntJ Occup Environ Health 5(2) 116-122, 1999... 

Oligospermia Oligospermia and reduced ejaculatory volume may occur after prolonged administration or excessive dosage. 

Benign prostatic hypertrophy Patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy may develop acute urethral obstruction. Priapism or excessive sexual stimulation may develop. Oligospermia may occur after prolonged administration or excessive dosage. 

Fertility Impairment Oligospermia and infertility have been observed in men treated... 

Adverse events occurring in at least 3% of patients with ulcerative colitis include the following Anorexia headache nausea vomiting gastric distress reversible oligospermia. 

Fertility Impairment Impairment of fertility, oligospermia, and menstrual dysfunction in humans has been reported during and for a short period after cessation of therapy. 

Caution [B (D if near term), M] Contra Sulfonamide or salicylate sensitivity, porphyria, GI/GU obst avoid in hepatic impair Disp Tabs SE GI upset discolors urine dizziness, HA, photosens, oligospermia, anemias, Stevens-Johnson synd Interactions T Effects OF oral anticoagulants, oral hypoglycemics, MTX, pheny-toin, zidovudine X effects W/ antibiotics X effects OF digoxin, folic acid, Fe, procaine, proparacaine, sulfonylureas, tetracaine EMS T Effects of anticoagulants monitor EGG and BP for signs of hypovolemia and electrolyte disturbances d/t D skin urine may become yellow-orange may stain contact lenses T risk of photosensitivity Rxns OD May cause NA, drowsiness, HA, abd pain, skin Rxns, lactic acidosis, and jaundice symptomatic and supportive... 

Edema, nausea, insomnia, oligospermia, priapism, male pattern of baldness, bladder irritability, hypercalcemia in immobilized patients orthose with breast cancer, hypercholesterolemia Rare... 

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, oligospermia (generally reversed by withdrawal of drug)... 

It is also used to promote spermatogenesis in male due to oligospermia and asthenosper-mia. 

The one product obtained from cottonseed oil, Gossypol which is categorized as non-hormonal selective spermatogenesis suppressant, is effective in producing azoospermia or severe oligospermia but it is not widely used as male contraceptive. Mechanism of action is not known. Adverse effects are edema, diarrhoea, hypokalemia, neuritis. 

Test results that show bioabsorption of toxicants (e.g., blood Pb levels) or reveal early medical effects of overexposure that do not constitute a disease entity (e.g., blood zinc protoporphyrin levels) can be given to the environmental engineer in personally identifiable form. Biological monitoring test results that identify a disease state (e.g., oligospermia) constitute confidential information about the health status of the individual which is not to be... 

Reproductive system Menstrual irregularities decreased fertility increased gonadal steroid metabolism Hypermenorrhea infertility decreased libido impotence oligospermia decreased gonadal steroid metabolism... 

Cyproterone acetate, a very potent progestin and antiandrogen, also produces oligospermia however, it does not cause reliable contraception. 

Sulfasalazine has a high incidence of adverse effects, most of which are attributable to systemic effects of the sulfapyridine molecule. Slow acetylators of sulfapyridine have more frequent and more severe adverse effects than fast acetylators. Up to 40% of patients cannot tolerate therapeutic doses of sulfasalazine. The most common problems are dose-related and include nausea, gastrointestinal upset, headaches, arthralgias, myalgias, bone marrow suppression, and malaise. Hypersensitivity to sulfapyridine (or, rarely, 5-ASA) can result in fever, exfoliative dermatitis, pancreatitis, pneumonitis, hemolytic anemia, pericarditis, or hepatitis. Sulfasalazine has also been associated with oligospermia, which reverses upon discontinuation of the drug. Sulfasalazine impairs folate absorption and processing hence, dietary supplementation with 1 mg/d folic acid is recommended. 

Oligospermia or azoospermia Leukopenia Hemorrhagic cystitis Renal tubular necrosis... 

Kelly, M. (1988) Case reports of individuals with oligospermia and methylene chloride exposure. Reprod. Toxicol., 2, 13-17... 

In men, the (often desired) effects can include an increase in libido. After some time, androgenic treatment in men will lead to a reduction in the volume of the testes and azoospermia or oligospermia because of suppression of gonadotropins. Severe priapism occasionally occurs. 

A case of testicular seminoma in a man receiving both clomiphene and mesterolone for 15 months for oligospermia has been described (7), but it is unlikely that the drug was responsible. 

Neoptolemos JP, Locke TJ, Fossard DP. Testicular tumour associated with hormonal treatment for oligospermia. Lancet 1981 2(8249) 754. 

In animals (particularly monkeys), cannabis depresses ovarian and testicular function. In man, chronic use has been associated with reduced serum FSH and LH concentrations in a few people, often accompanied by reduced serum testosterone, oligospermia, reduced sperm motility, and gynecomastia (235). There is no evidence of impairment of male fertility no studies have been carried out on female fertility. There is evidence of slightly shortened gestation periods in chronic users (236). There are variable non-specific effects on serum prolactin and growth hormone and a rise in plasma cortisol concentrations has been recorded in one study. 

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