Males oligospermia

Occupational exposure to chlordecone for up to 1.5 years caused oligospermia and decreased sperm motility in male workers. However, no loss of fertility was reported by the workers (Guzelian 1982a Taylor 1982, 1985 Taylor et al. 1978). Refer to Section 2.2.1.5 for further details. 

DBCP has caused oligospermia and asper-mia in male workers. Initial documentation of these effects occurred in workers engaged in the production of DBCP at an agricultural chemical plant in Lathrop, California. Of 27... 

Male exposure to DCBP has also been associated with an increased frequency of spontaneous abortions in wives of exposed workers, but congenital abnormalities have not been reported among children of workers who received sufficient DBCP exposure to induce oligospermia. ... 

Edema, nausea, insomnia, oligospermia, priapism, male pattern of baldness, bladder irritability, hypercalcemia in immobilized patients orthose with breast cancer, hypercholesterolemia Rare... 

It is also used to promote spermatogenesis in male due to oligospermia and asthenosper-mia. 

The one product obtained from cottonseed oil, Gossypol which is categorized as non-hormonal selective spermatogenesis suppressant, is effective in producing azoospermia or severe oligospermia but it is not widely used as male contraceptive. Mechanism of action is not known. Adverse effects are edema, diarrhoea, hypokalemia, neuritis. 

In animals (particularly monkeys), cannabis depresses ovarian and testicular function. In man, chronic use has been associated with reduced serum FSH and LH concentrations in a few people, often accompanied by reduced serum testosterone, oligospermia, reduced sperm motility, and gynecomastia (235). There is no evidence of impairment of male fertility no studies have been carried out on female fertility. There is evidence of slightly shortened gestation periods in chronic users (236). There are variable non-specific effects on serum prolactin and growth hormone and a rise in plasma cortisol concentrations has been recorded in one study. 

The effects of neuroleptic drugs on fertility are not clear many of the data are controversial, often being based on animal studies, for example reduction in male rat copulation by chlorpromazine. However, oligospermia,... 

SAFETY PROFILE An experimental teratogen. Human reproductive effects in women by subcutaneous route mensttual cycle changes and other unspecified effects. Experimental reproductive effects. Used in the treatment of oligospermia and male infertiHty. See also LUTEINIZING HORMONE and other luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone entries. 

Adverse effects are due largely to the sulph-onamide moiety and include headache, malaise, anorexia, nausea and vomiting these are dose-related and commoner in slow acetylators (of the sulphonanude). Allergic reactions include rash, fever and lymphadenitis rarely leucopenia and agranulocytosis occur. Males may become infertile due to oligospermia and reduced sperm motility this reverses if salazopyrin is replaced with mesalazine. 

Oligospermia, with reduced motility and a high frequency of abnormal forms, and male infertility are well documented in patients taking sulfasalazine. Oral and rectal treatments have the same effects, which reverse on withdrawal. Male infertility caused by sulfasalazine can be reversed by switching to mesalazine. 

Cyclophosphamide, or testicular and cranial irradiation, in the treatment of childhood malignancies can lead to small testicular size and decreased sperm production in adulthood (58). Of 17 adult male survivors of childhood sarcomas treated before puberty with high-dose cyclophosphamide, only two had normal sperm counts, 10 had azoospermia, and five had oligospermia (34). The two patients with normal sperm counts had taken the lowest doses of cyclophosphamide. 

The effects of neuroleptic drugs on fertility are not clear many of the data are controversial, often being based on animal studies, for example reduction in male rat copulation by chlorpromazine. However, oligospermia, polyspermia, necrospermia, and reduced sperm motility have been reported with various phenothiazines and butyro-phenones these are likely to improve after withdrawal (473). Furthermore, fertility may be impaired by neuroleptic drugs, since they increase prolactin concentrations and can cause amenorrhea (4). 

Male infertility with oligospermia has been reported during treatment with sulfasalazine (199,200). However, inflammatory bowel disease can also affect the maturation of spermatozoa (201). 

Repeated exposures have resulted in increased oligospermia (low sperm counts) and azoospermia (dead sperm) in male shipyard workers, but there has been some skepticism about these reports due to small sample size. One case controlled study found significant ethoxyacetic acid presence in infertile men. An increased risk of spontaneous abortion and lowered fertility was shown in an epidemiological study of women exposed to mixtures of ethylene glycol ethers. 

Oligospermia, poor motility, abnormal sperm forms Depression of sperm count and testosterone Male pill, reversible Mutagenic... 

Prostaglandins are now also suspected to be involved in male infertility. The number of spermatazoa, their motility, etc., have been correlated with the prostaglandin content of seminal plasma. In this limited study, a low prostaglandin titer accompanied aspermia and oligospermia. 

Sexual function Adverse effects of finasteride on male sexual function are not uncommon (SEDA-30, 480). These effects are dose related, and in the low doses used to treat hair loss (1 mg/day) they are unusual. However, they can occur in certain instances, as in two patients with azoospermia and severe oligospermia resulting in infertility when they took finasteride 1 mg/ day for hair loss the drug was withdrawn and the sperm count recovered within 3-6 months [112 ]. 

---