Oily water system

A process oily water sewer system is a convenient location to direct oily wastes. The oily water system normally collects into a sump. If several lines connect into a common header, care should be taken to prevent backflow into another outlet source. In such cases use of an air gap, i.e., drainage in to a collection ftinnel has be advantageous. 

This system recovers acid or chemical drains from equipment and piping as well as surfece drainage around such equipment and piping through the use of curbed areas and drain hubs. This system may be routed to a sump for disposal or may be passed through a neutralization facility and discharged into an oily water system. 

Depending on the fluid compositions, either a two- or three-phase separator can be used. Normally, the flash separator should not have any hydrocarbon liquid however, due to poor upstream separation, the separator may have a tiiree-phase fluid. A two-phase separator is adequate in most cases, though, depending on the requirements, a three-phase separator is also used. In case of a three-phase separator, the glycol-water is fed to the regenerator column, and the hydrocarbon phase is drained to the oily water system. 

In some cases a closed drainage system can be used which drains process components directly into the oily water sewer. This has the advantage of avoiding releases of vapors in any instance, but assurance must be obtained that back pressure from one drainage location will not backfeed liquids into another drain point when two valves are open simultaneously or other drainage valves can contain any backpressure on them from other drainage sources. 

Oily water gravity and pressure sewer systems Ship, rail or truck loading facilities Storage Tanks for flammable liquids... 

Open drain ports should be avoided and separate sewage and an oily water drain system should be provided. 

Where drainage provisions are provided to the battery room, the fluid should first collect into a neutralizing tank before entering the oily water sewer system (OWS). 

In addition to a system for disposing of rain, fire, and wash-down water, many process units require special dedicated sewer systems (i.e., chemical and oily water sewers) for routine nonemergency drainage of process waste due to environmental, waste disposal, cross-contamination, or reactivity reasons. Chemical, process, or oily water sewers are usually not appropriate in capacity or purpose for use in drainage of large uncontrolled process spills, rain water, or fire water. 

Process, chemical, or oily water sewer system branch and lateral lines should enter main lines through vapor-sealed and vented manholes. Branches and laterals in clean or storm water drainage systems may enter main lines without vapor seals if liquid-sealed catch basins are used on the inlets to these branches and laterals. 

Pretreatment. Minimizing the degree of oil contamination in produced water starts with the crude oil emulsion treating system. It is possible to economically operate an emulsion treating system to produce a low bs w. (basic sediment and water) oil at the expense of exceptionally oily water. 

Oil removal by flotation, another system for removing trace oil contamination from oil field waters, involves adding gas as tiny bubbles to the oily water stream. 

In the dissolved gas system, the oily water and gas are combined under pressure, say 45 psig. Tiny bubbles are formed when the water flows through a pressure control valve into an atmospheric pressure flotation tank. 

The type of pump selected for handling oily water has a direct influence on system performance, as do pump control and valve location. The selection of the most suitable pump and control arrangement is therefore of paramount importance. 

Solid soils are commonly encountered in hard surface cleaning and continue to become more important in home laundry conditions as wash temperatures decrease. The detergency process is complicated in the case of solid oily soils by the nature of the interfacial interactions of the surfactant solution and the solid soil. An initial soil softening or "liquefaction", due to penetration of surfactant and water molecules was proposed, based on gravimetric data (4). In our initial reports of the application of FT-IR to the study of solid soil detergency, we also found evidence of rapid surfactant penetration, which was correlated with successful detergency (5). In this chapter, we examine the detergency performance of several nonionic surfactants as a function of temperature and type of hydrocarbon "model soil". Performance characteristics are related to the interfacial phase behavior of the ternary surfactant -hydrocarbon - water system. 

Cleaning and washing processes are mainly concerned with the removal of oily dirt, depending to a high degree on the complex phase equilibria encountered in the surfactant-water-oily dirt system [89],... 

The waste streams in most large plants can be classified under four basic sewer systems (1) Oily-water sewer, (2) acid (chemical) sewer, (3) storm-water sewer and (4) sanitary sewer. Typical sewer systems are shown in Figure 8-1. The design and operation of each type will be described in detail. 

The oily-water sewer main should be run to the battery limit as a separate system and there connected to the oily-water trunk sewer which runs to an oil-water separator. 

Micelles (normal and reverse) are aggregates of surfactants, which are formed spontaneously in a liquid phase when the surfactant concentration is increased than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Micellar solutions are formed in aqueous continuous systems, whereas, the reverse micelles are formed in oily continuous systems. In micelles (oil-in-water micelle), the polar heads of the surfactant lie outside in the aqueous phase, whereas the lipophilic hydrocarbon chains lie inside (Figure 58.3). When the surfactant concentration is increased, the free energy of the system increases due to the inauspicious interactions between the water molecules and the lipophilic portions of the surfactant. The water molecules around the oil droplets structures themselves, thereby, resulting in the decrease in the entropy. The reverse micelles (water-in-oil micelle) have opposite structure, that is, the polar heads lie at the centre, while the lipophilic tails are present outside in the oil phase (Figure 58.3). The surfactant concentration need not necessarily be higher than the CMC for the formation of reverse micelle. Many scientists reported formation of reverse micelles by lecithin in different oil phases. " ... 

Technicians operating a vacuum recovery system during a training exercise. This equipment is used in the event of an oil spill and other water pollution events. The engine (left) creates a vacuum that enables oily water and debris to be sucked into the silver hopper (upper ri ). (Paul Rapson/ Photo Researchers, Inc.)... 

Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the pseudo three-component phase diagram of a surfactant/cosurfactant-oil-water system. Depending on formulas, fine oil droplets dispersed in the continuous aqueous phase [0/W (or direct) microemulsion] or fine water droplets dispersed in the continuous oily... 

Scraped systems are suitable for accidentally oily water that is irregular, cold and loaded with SS. 

Oily water that is chiefly recycled to cooling systems after purification. 

Here is where the oily water from paved areas, oily rainwater, desulfurized spent caustic and stripped condensates from the "East" unit (FCC, alkylation, visbreaker) are channeled. Downstream from this system the blowdown from "West" cooling towers is added. The total average flow is 120 to 130 m h k... 

With saline or accidentally salty and oily water, there is a risk of rapid electrode polarization. An inductive measurement, without electrodes, is required (deconcentration of cooling systems). 

EXHIBIT 13 10 Oily Water and Storm Water System... 

The type of system required (e.g., separate or combined oily and storm water system). 

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