Vacuum-pyrolysis oils

GC-MS and GC-AED techniques were used for the direct analysis of used tyre vacuum pyrolysis oil [255]. Antioxidants and antiwear additives (0.25-5 wt% DODPA, a-NPA, TCPs, TPP, IPPs) in lubricating synthetic oils, essentially esters of branched-chain alcohols such as pentaerythritol, neopentylglycol and trimethylolpropane, were determined by means of GC-SIM-MS using diphenylamine (DPA) as an internal standard [256] similarly, TCPs, TPP, IPPs, DPs and I2P were quantitatively analysed by GC-FPD using triethylphosphate (TEP) as an internal standard. RSD values of 3-6% were reported for GC-SIM-MS, and 7-9 % for GC-FPD. 

Pakdel, H., C. Roy, H. Aubin, G. Jean, and S. Coulombe, Formation of dZ-Limonene in Used Tire Vacuum Pyrolysis Oils, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 1646-1649(1991). 

Roy, C., Calve, L., Lu, X., Pakdel, H., and Amen-Chen, C. (1999) Wood Composite Adhesives from Softwood Bark-Derived Vacuum Pyrolysis Oils.In Biomass A Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and blue Added Products. 

Renaud, M. Grandmaison, J.L. Roy, C. Kaliaguine, S. "Low pressure upgrading vacuum pyrolysis oils from wood." In This Volume. 

Extensive works conducted by different authors utilizing GC and GC/MS sometimes lead to different results which indicate tfui difficulties of carrying out accurate detailed analysis of the chemical constitupyrolysis oils. Examples of incomplete or even contradictory results can be found in the literature (3 4) and this paper in the analysis of vacuum pyrolysis oils. Other researchers have studied the functional group distribution in l>yrolysis oil (8), Althoiigh those techniques are long and tedious, they will lead to useful information about wood oil chemistry. 

Vacuum pyrolysis Oil phase P.C.II. Primary Condensing Unit... 

Low-Pressure Upgrading of Vacuum-Pyrolysis Oils from Wood... 

Murwanashyaka JN, Pakdel H, Roy C. Separation of syringol from birch wood-derived vacuum pyrolysis oil. Sep Purif Technol 2001 24 155-65. 

Gagnon J, Kaliaguine S. 1988. Catalytic hydrotreatment of vacuum pyrolysis oils from wood. Industrial Engineering and Chemical Research 27 1783-1788. 

Renaud M, Giandmaison JL, Roy C, Ktiliaguine S. 1988. Low pressure upgrading of vacuum-pyrolysis oils from wood. In Soltes EJ, Milne TA (editors). Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass. American Chemictil Society Symposium Series 376. American Chemictil Society. 

Roy, C., Chaala, A., and Darmstadt, H., The vacuum pyrolysis of used tires End-uses for oil and carbon black products, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 5, 201, 1999. 

The process is used on petroleum sludges, used tires, biomedical waste, automobile shredder residues, bark residues and municipal solid wastes. It is limited to treating organic wastes and contaminated soil. For soil contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), vacuum pyrolysis cannot destroy the PCBs but will concentrate them in the pyrolytic oils. The process cannot be used to treat mine tailings. 

Thus, at today s naphtha prices and by-product markets, pyrolysis of light vacuum gas oil appears closely competitive with naphtha for ethylene production. 

Phosphorus is present in zinc dialkyldithiophosphate and deactivate platinum catalysts in engine exhaust systems. Using zinc, antimony and oxothiomolybdate dialkyl-dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) complexes alone or in combination with other lubricating oil additives appears to solve this problem. Antimony complexes are used also as extreme pressure agents while molybdenum ones as friction modifier additives (Hill et al., 1994). Analyses of Zn(dtc)2 decomposition using the thermogravimetric method, flash vacuum pyrolysis, and four-ball machine... 

Boucher, M. E., Chaala, A., and Roy, C., Bio-oils obtained by vacuum pyrolysis of softwood bark as a liquid fuel for gas turbines. Part I Properties of bio-oil and its blends with methanol and a pyrolytic aqueous phase. 

Fractionation of Pyrolysis Oils. Pyrolysis oil obtained from the vortex reactor was fractionated according to the scheme shown in Figure 3. Whole oil (1 kg) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (EA) on a 1 1 (w/w) basis. The oil was then vacuum filtered through filter paper to remove fine char. Upon standing, the EA/pyrolysis oil separated into two phases-an organic rich, EA-soluble phase and an EA-insoluble phase. Most of the water formed during pyrolysis is contained in the EA-insoluble phase. The EA-soluble portion of the oil was washed with water (2 x 75 mL) to remove the remaining water-soluble derived products. 

Application To produce polymer-grade ethylene and propylene, a butadiene-rich C4 cut, an aromatic C6-C8 rich raw pyrolysis gasoline, and a high-purity hydrogen by steam pyrolysis of hydrocarbons ranging from ethane to vacuum gas oils. 

Vacuum gas oil produces less olefins but relatively more propylene. The major products are pyrolysis gasoline and pyrolysis fuel oil. 

Supercritical water can be used to controllably depolymerize the rubber compounds. Tires decompose into high-molecular-weight olefins (MW 1000-10000), or oils (max. 90%). Roy [9] discussed vacuum pyrolysis at 2nd ISFR. 

Waste plastics potentially can also be processed in hydrocracking process as an additional feed stream in mixture with vacuum gas oil or crude oil residues. Careful plastic segregation is then necessary since inorganic additives and impurities of plastics can foul the hydrocracking catalyst. Noncatalytic high-temperature olefin pyrolysis (700-800°C) and coking are insensitive to fouling. 

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) has been used since the 1950s to turn heavy distillates (vacuum gas oil) into a series of light and dense fractions. The FCC catalysts can also be used as pyrolysis catalysts. 

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