Forestry residues

Biomass. Biomass is simply defined for these purposes as any organic waste material, such as agricultural residues, animal manure, forestry residues, municipal waste, and sewage, which originated from a living organism (70—74). 

Forestry, high performance fibers in, 13 393-394 Forestry residues as biomass, 3 684... 

In this context, Fig. 5.16 indicates the dynamic evolution of the identified biomass primary potentials at the EU25 level, whilst Table 5.5 shows a detailed breakdown of corresponding fuel costs for the considered biomass options, including agricultural products or energy crops (e.g., rapeseed and sunflower, miscanthus), agricultural residues (straw), forestry products (e.g., wood chips), forestry residues and biowaste. 

Forestry imports > Biodegradable waste Forestry residues Forestry products Agricultural residues a Agricultural products... 

Lignocellulose biomass is a mixture of phenolic lignin and carbohydrates -cellulose and hemi-cellulose. It grows abundantly on earth and is largely available as agricultural and forestry residues. Lignocellulose can be converted via four major routes pyrolysis, gasification, hydrolysis and fermentation. 

A. Oasmaa, E. Kuoppala, and Y. Solantausta, Fast pyrolysis of forestry residue. 2. Physicochemical composition of product liquid, Energy Fuels, 17 (2003) 433 143. 

The transition to a biobased economy is currently in an intermediate phase where certain commodity chemicals, e.g. lactic acid, are being produced from corn starch. Ultimately, however, economically viable production of bulk chemicals and liquid fuels will only be possible from inexpensive lignocellulose, generated intentionally by cultivation of forage crops, e.g. hay, or derived from waste crop and forestry residues. 

Another large source of renewable carbon supplies is waste biomass. It consists of a wide range of materials and includes municipal solid wastes (MSW), municipal biosolids (sewage), industrial wastes, animal manures, agricultural crop and forestry residues, landscaping and tree clippings and trash, and dead biomass that results from nature s life cycles. Several of these wastes can cause serious health or environmental problems if they are not disposed of properly. Some wastes such as MSW can be considered to be a source of recyclables... 

Rensfell E. Everard D. (1998) Update on Project ARBRE Wood Gasification Plant Utilising Short Rotation Coppice and Forestry Residues. Seminar on Power Production from Biomass III. Espoo, Finland. 14-15 September. 

Forestry residues Forestry residues include biomass that is not harvested or removed from logging sites in commercial hardwood and softwood stands, as well as material resulting from forest management operations, such as precommercial thinnings and removal of dead and dying trees. 

Another potential feedstock for ethanol production is the lignocellulosic biomass . Lignocellulosic biomass is the most plentiful of all naturally occurring organic compounds. It includes such materials as wood, herbaceous crops, agricultural and forestry residues, waste paper and paper products, pulp and paper mill waste, and municipal sohd waste. Unlike starchy materials, lignocellulosic biomass is structurally complex. The conversion of this material into ethanol has been the subject of intense study over the last 20 years. 

The overall well-to-wheels efficiencies for BEVs and HFCEVs starting from solar biomass evidence that this path cannot be considered as a massive solution for application of biofuels to electric vehicles, unless biomass is not obtained from already existing organic wastes (forestry residues, straw, food waste, manure, etc.). 

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