Oil-based alkyd resins

White spirit is used predominantly in the paint industry as a solvent or diluent for oil-based, alkyd resin, chlorinated rubber, and some vinyl chloride copolymer paints light napththas have flash points above 21 "C. Varnish makers and painters (VMP) naphtha (hp 100-150 "C) is used mainly as diluent. 

Triglycerides, Soybean oil. Castor oU, Sunflower oil. Oil-based polymers. Fatty acids, Epoxidized oils. Interpenetrating networks, CrossUnking of oils. Oil-based polyurethanes, OU-hased polyamides. Oil-based polyester-amides. Oil-based alkyd resins. Oil-based polyesters. Oil-based poly(hydroxyalkanoates)... 

Recently reported highly branched oil-based alkyd resins were shown to be particularly interesting because their reduced viscosity allowed high solid contents coatings to be prepared [88]. 

Oil-base (including oil-modified alkyd resin) paint films should not be used in alkaline environments as the paint will deteriorate owing to saponification alkali-resistant coatings are provided by some cellulose ethers, e.g. ethyl cellulose, certain polyurethane, chlorinated rubber, epoxy, p.v.c./ p.v.a. copolymer, or acrylic-resin-based paints. In particular, aluminium and its alloys should be protected by alkali-resistant coatings owing to the detrimental effects of alkali on these metals. 

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of alkyds (oil-based polyester resins) was demonstrated. PPL-catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides with an excess of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol mainly produced 2-monoglycerides, followed by thermal polymerization with phthalic anhydride to give the alkyd resins with molecular weight of several thousands. The reaction of the enzymatically obtained alcoholysis product with toluene diisocyanate produced the alkyd-urethane. 

Both aqueous polymer-based systems (latex), made by emulsion or dispersion polymerization, and oil-modified alkyd resin-based systems are still in wide use [781], Table 12.2 shows the composition of a typical water-based emulsion paint. There is a wide variety of coatings, ranging from broad applicability to highly specialized, including latexes, amino resins, isocyanates, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, polyester... 

Until the early 1970s, all ED binders used industrially were based on maleinised natural oils, acidic alkyd resins or epoxy resin esters. Later, binders based on maleinised polybutadiene oils (LMPBs= low-molecular-weight polybutadienes) also came into industrial use, particularly in Western Europe. All these systems were of the anionic type, i.e. their water solubility and their deposition at the anode were due to the presence of carboxylate groups in the binder molecules. More recently, cathodic ED, with binders carrying cationic groups (e.g. -N 2h)j has proved to be an interesting alternative. This paper describes development work directed towards improving the corrosion resistance of anionic, and more briefly, cationic ED binders. 

The wide spectrum of properties of all alkyd resins is broadened by its use with a variety of reactive chemicals and other resinous materials. In fact, alkyd resins have the distinction of participating in more of what we might term "polymeric mergers" than any other single class of resins. It is of value to examine the idealized structure of both a long oil III and a short oil IV alkyd resin. The long oil alkyd illustrated is based on a 1 1 1 mol ratio... 

Uses Defoamer for solv.-based paints, esp. long-oil and med.-oil airdrying alkyd resins systems, wood preservatives, vinyl resin paints, acrylic resin paints, nitrocellulose paints, chlorinated rubber paints Features Highly effective... 

The hydroxyl value is referred to an amount (mg) of potassium hydroxide added in order to neutralize acetic acid bonded to 1 g of acetylated resin. A hydroxyl group value of the alkyd resin is preferably at least 50 and at most 100. Sufficient tackiness is hardly obtained if the hydroxyl group value is less than 50 while rolling resistance is deteriorated when the value exceeds 100. All the four palm oil-based alkyds were synthesized with a hydroxy l value between 82-84 mg KOH gr, containing 1.5 x 10 mol gr of -OH groups. Compared to the -COOH... 

The palm oil-based alkyds could be used as tackifiers to replace polyterpene and petroleum resin in ENR mbber compound. They could provide better tack strength, impart better road gripping and reduce rolling resistance in tread rabbet However, they should be apphed at low level to avoid reducing the abrasive resistance of the rabbet... 

P. Sabin, B. Benjelloun-Mlayah and M. Delrnas, Offset printing inks based on rapeseed and sunflower oil. Part I Synthesis and characterisation of rapeseed oil- and sunflower oil-modified alkyd resins , J Am Oil Chem Soc, 1997, 74, 481-9. 

Uschanov P, Heiskanen N, Mononen P, Maunu SL, Koskimies S. Synthesis and characterization of tall oil fatty acids-based alkyd resins and alkyd-acrylate copolymers. Progr Org Coatings 2008 63 92-9. 

Alkyd resins based on soya-bean oil and other vegetable oils [103]. Alkyd resins used in linoleum [104]. 

The term modified alkyd, which formerly was used to describe these products, now is associated with chemical modifications that are carried out during alkyd preparation, and that incorporate chemical agents of types other than those included in the definition. For example, the term rosin-based alkyd resins or rosin-modified alkyd refers to alkyd resins in which all or a portion of the monobasic fatty acid is replaced by rosin. Unmodified alkyd resins are polyester products composed of polyhydric alcohol, polybasic acid, and monobasic fatty acid. When no fatty acids are used, or when they are completely replaced by other types of acid, the products can be considered as oil-free alkyds. 

A synthesis procedure for the sucrose and inulin based alkyd resins was developed by dissolving non-modified or partially acetylated sucrose or inulin in DMAA (N,N-dimethylacetamide), adding sunflower oil or methyl linoleate and reacting the mixture at 140 °C. Catalysts such as potassium carbonate or lithium hydroxide were found to be the most effective. 

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