Alkyd rosin based

The most important rosin derivatives used in printing ink formulations are rosin oligomers and their esters, metal resinates, modified phenolic and alkyd resins, ester gums, maleic and fumaric acid adducts and their esters. Practically all types of printing inks can be manufactured with rosin-based components, because they provide good miscibility and compatibility with most film formers and other ink additives. 

The term rosin-based alkyd resins refers to alkyd resins in which all or a portion of the monobasic fatty acid is replaced by rosin (a mixture of diterpene resin acids and nonacidic components). Unmodified alkyd resins are polyester products composed of polyhydric alcohol, polybasic acid, and monobasic fatty acid. 

The term modified alkyd, which formerly was used to describe these products, now is associated with chemical modifications that are carried out during alkyd preparation, and that incorporate chemical agents of types other than those included in the definition. For example, the term rosin-based alkyd resins or rosin-modified alkyd refers to alkyd resins in which all or a portion of the monobasic fatty acid is replaced by rosin. Unmodified alkyd resins are polyester products composed of polyhydric alcohol, polybasic acid, and monobasic fatty acid. When no fatty acids are used, or when they are completely replaced by other types of acid, the products can be considered as oil-free alkyds. 

Polyols. Several important polyhydric alcohols or polyols are made from formaldehyde. The principal ones include pentaerythritol, made from acetaldehyde and formaldehyde trimethylolpropane, made from -butyraldehyde and formaldehyde and neopentyl glycol, made from isobutyraldehyde and formaldehyde. These polyols find use in the alkyd resin (qv) and synthetic lubricants markets. Pentaerythritol [115-77-5] is also used to produce rosin/tall oil esters and explosives (pentaerythritol tetranitrate). Trimethylolpropane [77-99-6] is also used in urethane coatings, polyurethane foams, and multiftmctional monomers. Neopentyl glycol [126-30-7] finds use in plastics produced from unsaturated polyester resins and in coatings based on saturated polyesters. 

With these lacquers, nitrocellulose-based primer-surfacers are used. As well as liquid plasticisers, a wide range of materials are used as plasticising resins short oil alkyds, maleinised oils, ester gum, rosin and bodied castor oils. Pigmentation is usually inert. Thermoplastic acrylics are often preferred under acrylic lacquers these are based on acrylic resins and cellulose acetate butyrate. 

Chem. Descrip. Condensation prod, based on substituted phenols and xylene formaldehyde resin, rosin-free Uses Additive, drying aid, gloss aid in alkyd coatings Features Solv.-free not rec. for wh. coatings Properties Pale bm. hard resin supplied as lozenges dens. = 1.1 g/cm (20 C) vise. 60 30 mPa s (50% in xylene, 23 C) soften, pt. 110 10 C acid no. 15 7... 

It is common to add a few percent of an alkyd-surfactant blend to latex paints to improve adhesion to chalky surfaces and, in some cases, to improve adhesion to metals. It is important to use alkyds that are as resistant as possible to hydrolysis. Hybrid alkyd-acrylic latices have been prepared by dissolving an oxidizing alkyd in the monomers used in emulsion polymerization, yielding a latex with an alkyd grafted on the acrylic polymer (28,29). Nonyellowing waterborne alkyds based on rosin-fatty acid modified acrylic latices have been reported (30). 

The following resins or binders based on RR are used drying oils, - oleoresins, (modified)- ro-sin, rosin soaps, ->alkyd resins, ->shellac, chlorinated and cyclized - rubber, ->polyamides based on dimer acid and, - cellulose nitrate and - ethyl-cellulose. 

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