Of diisopropyl

In general this method is limited to the preparation of symmetrical ethers m which both alkyl groups are primary Isopropyl alcohol however is readily available at low cost and gives high enough yields of diisopropyl ether to justify making (CH3)2CHOCH(CH3)2 by this method on an industrial scale... 

A second dangerous property of ethers is the ease with which they undergo oxi dation in air to form explosive peroxides Air oxidation of diisopropyl ether proceeds according to the equation... 

Pigment Red 254 [122390-98-1] 56110 diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) condensation of diisopropyl succiaate with -chloroben2onitrUe... 

Chemical. The use of isopropyl alcohol as a feedstock for the production of acetone is expected to remain stable, as the dominant process for acetone is cumene oxidation. Isopropyl alcohol is also consumed in the production of other chemicals such as methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl carbinol [108-11-2] isopropjlamine, and isopropyl acetate. The use of diisopropyl ether as a fuel ether may become a significant oudet for isopropyl alcohol. 

Homoallyl alcohol (3) Metalation of (E) butene (1 05 equiv) with n BuLI (t equiv) and KOtBu (1 equiv) in THF at SO C for 15 mm followed by treatment of (E)-crotyl potassum salt with B(OiPr)3 at 79°C gave after quenching with 1 N HCI and extraction with EtjO containing 1 equiv of diisopropyl tartarate. the crotyl boronate 2 A solution of decanall (156 mg 1 mmol) was added to a toluene solution of 2 (1 1 15 equiv) (0 2 M) at 78 C containing 4A molecular sieves (15-20 mg/L) After 3 h at -78°1 N NaOH was added, followed by extraction and chromatography to afford 208 mg of 3 (90%), anti syn 99 1... 

A mixture of 10 parts of 7-chloro-4-fluorobutyrophenone, 5.5 parts of 1-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridyl)-2-benzimidazolinone, 4 parts of sodium carbonate, and 0.1 part of potassium iodide in 176 parts of 4-methyl-2-pentanone is stirred and refluxed for 64 hours. The cooled reaction mixture is filtered and the solvent is evaporated from the filtrate to leave an oily residue which is dissolved in toluene. The toluene solution is filtered and the solvent is evaporated. The resultant residue is recrystallized from a mixture of 32 parts of ethyl acetate and 32 parts of diisopropyl ether to give 1-[1-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)propyll-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridyl]-2-benzimidazolinone hydrate melting at about 145°-146.5°C. 

To a stirred solution of 130.4 parts of potassium cyanide and 243.2 parts of piperidine hydrochloride in a mixture of 800 parts of water and 320 parts of ethanol is added portionwise 378 parts of 1 -benzyl-4-piperidone. After about one hour a solid starts to precipitate. Stirring is continued for 24 hours. The reaction mixture is filtered and the solid is recrystallized from 1,200 parts of diisopropyl ether. On cooling to room temperature a first crop of 1-benzyi-4-cyano-4-piperidinopiperidine melting at about 104°C to 106°C is obtained. 8y concentrating and further cooling of the mother liquor a second crop of the above compound is obtained. 

The cyclization of imines 7, induced by the isopropyloxycarbonyloxy radical (i-PrOC02). obtained by homolytic cleavage of diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, leads to dibenz[6,/][l,4]-oxazepines 8, accompanied by traces of biphenyls and benzoxazoles.424... 

Solutions of 7.5 g (40 mmol) of triisopropyl borate in 10 mL of dry diethyl ether and 40 mmol of 0.87 M allylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether arc added dropwisc separately to 10 mL of diethyl ether at — 78 °C. This mixture is stirred for 0.5 h at —78 JC, then is allowed to warm to r.t. and stirred for 3 h. The slurry is recooled to 0 C. and then 40 mmol or 1 N aq hydrochloric acid saturated with NaCl are added dropwise over 15 min. The mixture is warmed to r.t., and stirring is continued for 10 min. The organic layer is separated and directly treated with 9.4 g (40 mmol) of diisopropyl (/ ,/ )-tartrate (DIPT). The aqueous phase is extracted with three 50-mL portions of diethyl elher/CH.CI, 5 1. The combined organic layers are dried over anhyd MgS04 for 2.5 h, then filtered under argon. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo and toluene is added to give a final volume of 50 mL. The concentration of reactive allylboronate is determined by treatment of a 1 mL aliquot of this solution with a known excess of cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde. This... 

To a —78 C solution of 23.1 mL (100 mmol) of triisopropyl borate and 8.15 mL (110 mmol) of 3-chloro-l-propene in 100 inL of dry THF is added dropwisc via a cannula over 0.5 h a solution of LDA (110 mmol prepared in 200 mL of THF from 110 mmol of diisopropylamine and 47.9 mL of 2.3 M butyllithium in hexane), This mixture is stirred for an additional 0.5 h at — 78 "C then a solution of 75.9 ntL of 2.9 M anhyd hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether is added and the mixture is allowed to warm to 25 °C. The mixture is concentrated in vacuo (20 Torr) and the residue extracted with three 100-mL portions of pentane, Filtration under nitrogen followed by distillation under reduced pressure provides 18.0 g (88%) of diisopropyl l-chloro-2-propenylboronate bp 95-96 "C/25 Torr. Transesterification of this intermediate with 1.3-propanediol provides the title compound in almost quantitative yield bp 110-112°C/20Torr. 

Since the final step involves the transesterification of diisopropyl l-chloro-2-propenylboronate. this route presumably can be easily modified for the synthesis of other racemic l-chloro-2-propenylboronate esters [e.g., (S )-6]. 

A solution of (R)-oxynilrilase (F.C 4.1.2.10, 100 pi., 1000 unils/ml.) is dropped onto 1.5 g of Avicel cellulose (soaked in 0.02 M sodium acetate buffer. pH 4.5). 20 mL of diisopropyl ether are added, followed by 5 mmol of ketone and 200 pL of hydrocyanic acid, and the mixture is stirred (Table 3). The catalyst is filtered off. washed with diisopropyl ether, and the combined filtrates are concentrated. 

Methoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-lH-imidazole. A 2-L, three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with an addition funnel, reflux condenser, and mechanical stirrer is charged with 500 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 125 mL of water. Benzamidine hydrochloride monohydrate (50 g, 0.29 mol) (Note 1) is added, followed by the slow, portionwise addition of potassium bicarbonate (54.4 g, 0.57 mol) (Note 2). The reaction mixture is vigorously heated to reflux. A solution of 4-methoxyphenacyl bromide (65.3 g, 0.29 mol) in 325 mL of THF is then added dropwise via the addition funnel over a period of 30 min while the reaction is maintained at reflux. After completion of the addition, the mixture is heated at reflux for 18-20 hr (Note 3), then cooled in an ice bath (Note 4), and THF is removed under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator. An additional 100 mL of water is added, and the resulting suspension is stirred at 50-60°C for 30 min. The mixture is cooled in an ice bath and the solids are collected by filtration. The filter cake is rinsed with two 100-mL portions of water and air-dried in the filter funnel for 2 hr. The crude product is transferred to a 500-mL flask and 150 mL of diisopropyl ether and 150 mL of hexanes are added. The mixture is stirred for 2 hr at room temperature, and the solids are again collected by filtration. The filter cake is dried in a vacuum oven for 48 hr (68°C/ca. 100 mm) to give 68.6 g (96%) of the desired imidazole as an off-white solid (Notes 5, 6). 

If desired, the nitrone can be recrystallized from diisopropyl ether (200 mL) (Notes 12, 13), affording 9.0 g (84%) of a white solid (Note 14). Concentration of the mother liquor and recrystallization of the residue from 40 mL of diisopropyl ether provides 0.600 g of additional nitrone. Total yield 9.6 g (89%) of the nitrone as a white solid (Note 15). 

Caution Use of diisopropyl ether from a freshly opened bottle is advised, due to possible formation ofperoxides in aged ethereal solvents. Other solvents were less effective for this recrystallization. 

A more direct access to the unstable and non isolated sulfonium ylides 58a- c is the reaction of diisopropyl diazomethylphosphonate 57 with allylic sulfides, catalyzed by Cu(II), Rh(II) [39], or ruthenium porphyrins.[40] For example, the a-phosphorylated y,d-unsaturated sulfides 59-61 are obtained through the [2,3] -sigmatropic rearrangement of 58a-c. This method allows the use of a greater variety of starting allylic sulfide substrates, such as 2-vinyl tetrahydrothiophene, or propargylic sulfides (Scheme 15). 

The lipids are dissolved in an organic solvent (diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, or a mixture of one of the two with chloroform depending of the solubility properties of the Upids used). The aqueous phase is added to the organic phase at a ratio of 1 3 when diethyl ether is used and at a ratio of 1 6 when a mixture of diisopropyl ether and chloroform is used. The mixture is sonicated in order to form an emulsion, followed by slow removal of the organic phase via rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. 

These experts collectively have knowledge of diisopropyl methylphosphonate s physical and chemical properties, toxicokinetics, key health end points, mechanisms of action, human and animal exposure, and quantification of risk to humans. All reviewers were selected in conformity with the conditions for peer review specified in Section 104(I)(13) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, as amended. 

Existing Information on Health Effects of Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate... 

Existing Information on Health Effects of Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate 5-1 Frequency of NPL Sites with Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate Contamination... 

Levels of Significant Exposure to Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate - Oral 2-2 Levels of Significant Exposure to Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate - Dermal 2-3 Genotoxicity of Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate In Vivo... 

Little is known about the human health effects of diisopropyl methylphosphonate. Skin rashes and other signs of irritation have been reported in some people who handled dead animals near a pond containing diisopropyl methylphosphonate and other chemicals, but it is not known which substances caused these effects. 

Drinking large amounts of diisopropyl methylphosphonate kills animals. The amount needed to cause death in humans is not known for sure. Animal studies have shown no evidence that drinking or eating diisopropyl methylphosphonate causes fertility problems or birth defects. Animal studies have shown that eating diisopropyl methylphosphonate can affect some liver enzymes (indicating a response by the liver). However, test animals showed no liver disease. While most animal studies have shown only minimal toxic effects below a certain level of... 

See Chapter 2 for more information about the health effects of diisopropyl methylphosphonate. 

The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective on the toxicology of diisopropyl methylphosphonate. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic data to public health. 

An LD50 of 503 mg/kg was calculated from the results of a study in which adult female mink were administered single doses of diisopropyl methylphosphonate by gavage (doses of 75, 150, 300, 450, 500,... 

In the Fj generation, 13 males and 35 females were used per group. Concentrations of diisopropyl methylphosphonate in feed corresponded to 0, 16, 45, or 262 mg/kg/day (males) or 0, 20, 57, or 330 mg/kg/day (females) for either 8 months (males) or 13 months (females). Again, two groups of control animals were used. In the F, generation, 4.6% (8/175) of the females died before the scheduled sacrifice. Six of these (1 in each control group, 1 each in the low- and mid-dose groups, and 2 in the... 

The respiratory system does not appear to be a target of diisopropyl methylphosphonate. Exposure has only occasionally resulted in respiratory effects, and the effects did not appear to be dose or treatment related. Necropsy of both male and female rats that died as the result of a single dose (928, 1,362, or... 

In a study of calves given a single dose of diisopropyl methylphosphonate at 62.5, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg via gelatin capsules placed with a balling gun, no hematological effects were observed at any dose level (Palmer et al. 1979). 

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