Occupational exposure limits for

Other toxicological effects that may be associated with exposure to benzyl chloride based on animal studies are skin sensitization and developmental embryo and/or fetal toxicity. A 1980 OSHA regulation has estabhshed a national occupational exposure limit for benzyl chloride of 5 mg/m (1 ppm). Concentrations of 160 mg/m (32 ppm) in air cause severe irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract (68). 

International Labor Office, 1991. Occupational exposure limits for airborne toxic substances. Occupational Safety and Health Series, No. 37. International Labour Office, Geneva. 

Occupational exposure limits for airborne contaminants are reviewed annually in the UK by the Health and Safety Executive. They are published as Guidance Note EH 40/ —. The two types of exposure limit are ... 

Trichloroethylene levels in the workplace are regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The occupational exposure limit for an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek, is an average concentration of 100 ppm in air. The 15-minute average exposure in air that should not be exceeded at any time during a workday is 300 ppm. The OSHA standards are based on preventing central nervous system effects after trichloroethylene exposure. For more information, see Chapter 7. 

The different toxicity and bioavailability of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are a public health concern and therefore require strict control. Cr(VI) is considered to be toxic and carcinogenic, especially for the respiratory tract. In occupational health, the OEL (Occupational Exposure Limits) for water soluble and certain water insoluble compounds in indoor air is set at 0.5 mg/m for Cr, 0.5 mg/m for Cr(III), and 0.05 mg/m for Cr(VI), reflecting the different toxicities of both species. 

Mineral oil is the major chemical component of mineral oil hydraulic fluids. Mineral oil belongs to a larger class of chemicals called petroleum distillates. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates petroleum distillate and mineral oil mist levels in workplace air. The occupational exposure limits for an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek are 2,000 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) in air for petroleum distillates and 5 mg/m3 for mineral oil mists. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends an exposure limit of 350 mg/m3 of petroleum distillates for a 10-hour workday, 40-hour workweek. 

Regulations found for mineral oils include the OSHA occupational exposure limit for mineral oil mists of 5 mg/m3 (OSHA 1974). 

There are no occupational exposure limits for many hazardous substances which may require control of inhalation exposures. The necessary data and other resources required for setting such limits is restricted and unlikely to match the potential demand. A hazard categorisation scheme was, therefore, developed for application within the chemical industry. The scheme used readily-available information on toxicological endpoints to place hazardous substances into a limited range of hazard categories, expressed as Occupational Exposure Bands. These Bands could be used as a basis for risk assessment and the selection of appropriate control regimes. 10 refs. EUROPEAN COMMUNITY EUROPEAN UNION UK WESTERN EUROPE... 

Agius, R. (1989). Occupational exposure limits for therapeutic substances. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 33 555-562. 

Galer, D. M., Leung, H.-W., Sussman, R.G. and Trzos, R.J. (1989). Scientific and practical considerations for developing occupational exposure limits for chemical substances. Presentation to the Second Annual Occupational Toxicology Roundtable, November 21, 1989, Rahway, New Jersey. 

Hakkert, B.C., H. Stevenson, P.M J. Bos, and JJ. van Hemmen. 1996. Methods for the establishment of health-based recommended occupational exposure limits for existing substances. TNO Report V96.463. Zeist TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, The Netherlands. 

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets rules for cresol levels in the workplace. The occupational exposure limit for 8-hour workdays over a 40-hour work week is 22 milligrams of cresols per cubic meter of air (22 mg/m ), which is equivalent to 5 ppm. See Chapter 7 for more information on regulations and guidelines for cresols. 

OSHA regulates the level of chlorine dioxide in workplace air. The occupational exposure limit for an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek is 0.1 parts per million (0.28 milligrams per cubic meter [mg/m ]). The EPA has set a maximum contaminant level of 1 milligram per liter (mg/L) for chlorite in drinking water and a goal of 0.8 mg/L for both the maximum residual disinfectant level for chlorine dioxide and the maximum contaminant level for chlorite in drinking water treated with chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant. 

Occupational exposure limits for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate are given in Table 4. 

No occupational exposure limit for coumarin in workplace air has been reported. 

Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (1993) Health-based Recommended Occupational Exposure Limit for Pyridine (Dutch Expert Committed on Occupational Standards), The Hague, Sdu Uitgeveiij... 

Table 8.4—Estimated lifetime cancer risks association with occupational exposure limits for various chemical and physical agentsf ...

Storm JE, Rozman KK, Doull J Occupational exposure limits for 30 organophosphate pesticides based on inhibition of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase. Toxicology 2000 150 1. [PMID 10996660]... 

The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (1997) has not proposed any occupational exposure limit for benzal chloride in workplace air. Russia has a short-term exposure limit of 0.5 mg/m for exposure in workplace air. Sweden lists benzal chloride as a probable human carcinogen and Finland and Germany list benzal chloride as suspected of having carcinogenic potential (International Labour Office, 1991). 

International Labour Offiee (1991) Occupational Exposure Limits for Airborne Toxic Substances, 3rd Ed. (Oeeupational Safety and Health Series No. 37), Geneva, pp. 56-57... 

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