Nutritive composition

The Nutritional Composition of Spices, Research Committee, ASTA, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Eeb. 1977. 

Singh, G., Kawatra, A., and Sehgal, S., Nutritional composition of selected green leafy vegetables, herbs and carrots. Plant Foods Human Nutr., 56, 359, 2001. 

Southgate DAT (1987), Reference material for improving quality of nutritional composition data for foods. Fresenius J Anal Chem 326 660-664. 

Important intrinsic quality criteria currently determining the market potential of new apple cultivars are related to the sensory quality such as fruit firmness (crispness) and the sugar and acidity contents. On the other hand, the nutritional composition (e.g. the vitamin or antioxidant contents) is currently not used as a criterion in the choice of cultivars, neither in conventional nor in organic fruit production. The difference in the content of such components between fruit species is in most cases more relevant than between cultivars of the same species (e.g. vitamin C content of oranges versus apples). 

Augustin, J. (1975). Variations in the nutritional composition of fresh potatoes. J. Food ScL, 40, 1295-1299. 

Cow s milk is a complex and dynamic fluid that contains all nutrients needed for the development and growth of the calf. Milk contains lipids (dairy fat), high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive components. The nutritional composition in milk varies depending on factors such as breed and age of the cow and the forage composition (Haug et al., 2007). Table 1.1 presents the different components of milk and their respective concentration per liter. Also presented in the table is an approximation of the daily contribution (%) of the different components in milk to the diet for adults, as well as the main health effects. 

Basappa, S. C., Somashekar, D., Agrawal, R., Suma, K., and Bharathi, K. (1997). Nutritional composition of fermented ragi (chhang) by phab and defined starter cultures as compared to unfermented ragi (Eleucine coracana Gaertn), In. ]. Food Sci. Nutr. 48,313-319. 

Watanabe, T., Ohhashi, S., Itoh, A., Kitajima, C. and Fujita, S. (1984). Effect of nutritional composition of diets on chemical components of red sea bream broodstock and eggs produced. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 50,503-515. 

Bell, J.M., Tyler, R.T. and Rakow, G. (1998) Nutritional composition and digestibility by 80-kg to 100-kg pigs of prepress solvent-extracted meals from low glucosi-nolate Brassica juncea, B. napus and B. rapa seed and of solvent-extracted soybean meal. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, 199-203. 

Kopinski, J. and Willis, S. (2007) Nutritive composition of pig feeds. Available at http // www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/pigs/4414.html... 

Unstabilized bran and polish have been used almost exclusively for animal feed, due to the bitter flavor that develops from the lipolytic action of enzymes on the oil found in them. However, development of a thermal process that inactivates the lipases has resulted in a stabilized rice bran product that is suitable for the food industry. The impressive nutritional qualities of the oil, fiber, carbohydrate and proteins of rice bran have made it a valuable food material. Removal of fiber from the bran by physical K,J7or enzymic1819 processes produces a milk-like product having desirable nutritional and functional properties. The nutritional composition of the rice bran milk product described by California Natural Products has been shown to match the nutritional requirements of an infant formula. Originally, the anti-nutritional factor of the residual phytates was of concern. However, as of 2005, phytase enzymes are suitable for use to break down these phytates. 

There are two main components of black and white pepper the volatile oil and pungent compounds. The volatile oil level in black pepper is usually higher than in white pepper. The hull of pepper contains fibre and some essential oil. Black pepper contains about 2.0-2.6% volatile oil and about 6-13% oleoresin. The nutritional composition of black pepper is given in Table 2.3. 

Table 2.3. Nutritional composition of black pepper per 100g.

The nutritional composition of ripe edible aril indicates that mangosteen contains a high percentage of carbohydrates, mostly in sugar form. It is relatively low in minerals and vitamins. The calcium and phosphorus content is high. The percentage of total soluble solids ranges from 13 to 15.2% in immature and 18.3 to 19% in mature fruits (Table 19.2). 

Table 22.1. Nutritive composition of celery leaves (per 100g of edible portion).

Table 22.2. Nutritional composition of celery seed (per 100g). ...

ASTA (1 977) The Nutritional Composition of Spices. ASTA Research Committee, Washington, DC. 

There is inherently significant natural variation in the composition of milk fat, because it is affected by many factors such as cow breed, stage of lactation, season and diet of the cow (Palmquist et al, 1993 Ashes et al, 1997 Chapters 1 and 2). Although on-farm approaches can be used to alter the composition of milk fat to improve its nutritional composition and physical characteristics (Banks et al, 1980 Banks and Christie, 1980 Hawke and Taylor, 1994 Baer, 2001 Fearon, 2001 Jensen 2002), these will not be covered here (see Chapter 2). 

Hemp Oil Canada Inc. (2004) Nutritional Composition. Available http //hempoilcana-da.com/compo.html. 

The algal cells were analyzed for the elemental composition (C, H, N, O, P, Fe, Mg, S, Mn) and the spent medium during growth of the cells were also analyzed for inorganic nutrients (N03 , P04, S04 , Fe ", Mg " and Mn " ). The required amount of nutritional composition for hi density culture was estimated from the elemental composition and inorganic nutrients in the spent medium. 

Elemental and nutritional compositions, fatty acid and amino acid compositions, and monosaccharide and vitamin contents of the cells are shown in Fig. 4-6, respectively. 

Protein is the major nutrient followed by the content of carbohydrate. All the essential amino acids are contained in the cells and the high content of linoleic acid which is the essential fatty acid was found. Nutritional composition of Chlorella sp. UKOOl suggested usefulness of the cells as feed for poultry or swine. 

The high fiber value, polyphenols, and good content of dietary minerals in prunes is a combination that has promise for reducing risk of chronic inflammation, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. Although prune research for specific human health benefits has not been extensive, this fruit s nutritional composition, polyphenol content, and popularity as a consumer favorite indicate that research will continue. 

Accurate assessment of supply and intake is a complex procedure. In practice, a crude estimate of intake can be obtained from a careful clinical history taken by an experienced practitioner or from a food frequency questionnaire that summarizes the content of the individuars diet over several days, depending on how frequently particular typical foods are consumed. A more accurate quantitative assessment usually requires a minimum of three days recording of a complete dietary diary, which is subsequently analyzed using a computer program with reference tables of the nutritional contents of most foods. Unfortunately, estimates of the portion size, amounts consumed, and actual nutritional composition of the food consumed may be inaccurate. In addition, the disease process also affects the amount actually consumed and absorbed, further reducing the accuracy of the estimate of nutritional intake. 

Murray, S.S. Schoeninger, M.J. Butm, H.T. Pickering, T.R. Marlett, J.A. Nutritional Composition of Some Wild Plant Foods and Honey Used by Hadza Foragers of Tanzania. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2001,74, 3-13. 

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