Lipolytic action

These drugs selectively reduce cardiostimulatory, vasodilating, broncholytic, and metabolic (glycogenolytic and lipolytic) action of catecholamines released from adrenergic nerve endings and adrenal glands. 

Glucocorticoids not only break down protein but also stimulate the catabolism of lipids in adipose tissue and enhance the actions of other lipolytic agents. This occurrence results in an increase in plasma free fatty acids and an enhanced tendency to ketosis. The mechanism of this lipolytic action is unknown. The net effect of the biochemical changes induced by the glucocorticoids is antagonism of the actions of insulin. These biochemical events promote hyperglycemia and glycosuria, which are similar to the diabetic state. 

Extra-adrenal effects melanotropic hormone and growth hormone release lipolytic action and influencing such neurobehavioral effects as stretching and yawning... 

Lipolytic action has been observed to occur in composite samples preserved with mercuric chloride and has decreased the reading of the Babcock test as much as 0.15% (Manus and Bendixen 1956). 

Souza, S. C., Yamamoto, M. T., Franciosa, M. D., Lien, P., and Greenberg A. S. (1998). BRL 49653 Blocks the Lipolytic Actions of Tumor Necrosis Factor-a A Potential New Insulin Sensitizing Mechanism for Thiazolidinediones. Diabetes AH, 691-695. 

Unstabilized bran and polish have been used almost exclusively for animal feed, due to the bitter flavor that develops from the lipolytic action of enzymes on the oil found in them. However, development of a thermal process that inactivates the lipases has resulted in a stabilized rice bran product that is suitable for the food industry. The impressive nutritional qualities of the oil, fiber, carbohydrate and proteins of rice bran have made it a valuable food material. Removal of fiber from the bran by physical K,J7or enzymic1819 processes produces a milk-like product having desirable nutritional and functional properties. The nutritional composition of the rice bran milk product described by California Natural Products has been shown to match the nutritional requirements of an infant formula. Originally, the anti-nutritional factor of the residual phytates was of concern. However, as of 2005, phytase enzymes are suitable for use to break down these phytates. 

Tavernier G, Barbe P, Galitzky J, et al. Expression of p3-adrenoceptors with low lipolytic action in human subcutaneous white adipocytes. J Lipid Res 1996 37 87-97. 

FA stored within the TAG of adipose ceUs constitute the vast majority of energy reserves in animals. While the TAG pool in adipocytes provides a reservoir of energy for times of prolonged restricted caloric intake, there is also a normal acute flux of FA into and out of adipose tissue in response to meals and other factors, such as insuhn [8, 9J. TAG hydrolysis in adipocytes, termed hpolysis, contributes to the increased levels of plasma NEFA by two mechanisms, one direct and the other indirect. In the post-absorptive state or during starvation FA are normally released from adipocytes directly into the plasma and transported to various tissues where they serve as a source of energy. In the insulin-resistant state this direct release of FA is exacerbated, because the reduction in the anti-lipolytic action of insuhn (see below) leads to increased hpolysis and a consequent increase in the release of FA from adipocytes into plasma. In contrast to the postabsorptive direct FA release, there is... 

A recent investigation has demonstrated lipolytic action of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes [384]. The effect appeared to be cAMP-mediated and could be blocked by insuhn in a wortmannin-sensitive... 

S.C. Souza, M.T. Yamamoto, M.D. Franciosa, P. Lien, and A.S. Greenberg, BRL 49653 blocks the lipolytic actions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha a potential new insulin-sensitizing mechanism for thiazolidinediones. Diabetes, 1998, 47, 691-695. 

ACTH derivatives inhibit lipolytic action, cAMP synthesis, corticosterone synthesis, and ACTH activity. 

The actions of corticosteroids are interrelated to those of other hormones. In the absence of glucocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine have only minor effects on lipolysis. Administration of a small dose of glucocorticoid, however, markedly potentiates their lipolytic action. Those effects of corticosteroids that involve concerted actions with other hormonal regulators are termed permissive and most likely reflect steroid-induced changes in protein synthesis that, in turn, modify tissue responsiveness to other hormones. 

Growth hormone increases the sensitivity of the adipocyte to the lipolytic action of the catecholamines and decreases its sensitivity to the lipogenic action of insulin. These actions lead to the release of free fatty acids and glycerol into the blood to be metabolized by the liver. GH also decreases esterification of fatty acids, thereby reducing triacylglycerol synthesis within the fat cell. Recent evidence suggests that GH may impair glucose uptake by both fat and muscle cells by a postreceptor inhibition of insulin action. 

T3 has an amplifying or facilitatory effect on the lipolytic action of epinephrine on the fat cell. Yet thyroid hormone has a bipolar effect on lipid storage, because it increases the availability of glucose to the fat cell, which serves as a precursor for fatty acid and glycerol 3-phosphate synthesis. The major determinant of the rate of lipogenesis, however, is not T3, but rather the amount of glucose and insulin available to the adipocyte for triacylglycerol synthesis. 

Many data support the contention that the lipolytic action of prostaglandins is mediated via the adenyl cyclase system which catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP (Figure 7.8) [356, 357, 370-386], Thus under a variety of experimental conditions (for example, in the presence of... 

Definition Ester of monomethylsilanol and oligomeric mannuronic acid Empirical CyHuOgSi Formula CH3Si(0H)20C6H906 Uses Antistat, skin conditioner in cosmetics, health prods., anti-aging formulations Features Provides cutaneous hydration, lipolytic action, skin regeneration/maintenance Trade Name Synonyms Algisium-C [Exsymol http //www.exsymol.com, Biosil Tech. http //www.biosiltech.com]... 

This procedure presumably Increases the penetration of the cyclic nucleotide sufficient to stln ate the lipolytic process. A large amount of evidence shows that DBcAMP has a marked lipolytic action In isolated epldldymal fat pad preparations from rats and In Isolated fat cells (adipocytes) prepared from rat adipose tlssue and from human adipose tlssue. N -monobutyryl-cAMP is also lipolytic In rat fat cells... 

Debons, a. F., and I. L. Schwartz Dependence of the lipolytic action of epinephrine in vitro upon thyroid hormone. J. Lipid. Res. 2, 86 (1961). 

Lipolytic action of corticotropin on rat adipose tissue in vitro. J. clin. Invest. 37, 1556... 

The adipose tissues of pig and guinea pig do not respond to the lipolytic action of the catecholamines and, in this respect, are comparable to those of duck and rabbit. Hamster adipose tissue is responsive to the lipolytic action of the catecholamines, but not to that of glucagon. In this respect the hamster pattern of response compares with that of the dog observed in our experiments, and with the pattern of human adipose tissue described by Rudman and Di Girolamo. ... 

The fatty acid composition of beef fat (Table 14.3) is not influenced greatly by feed intake, but that of hog fat (lard) is. The composition of edible beef fat triacylglycerols is given in 3.3.1.4. The following commercial products are prepared from beef fat Prime Beef Fat ( premier jus ) is obtained by melting fresh and selected fat trimmings in water heated to 50-55 °C. The acid value resulting from lipolytic action (cf. 14.5.3.1)... 

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