Triglyceride medium chain, effect

Many other dietary factors have been reported to affect calcium bioavailability. Phytate, fiber, cellulose, uronic acids, sodium alginate, oxalate, fat (only in the presence of steatorrhea), and alcohol have been reported to decrease calcium bioavailability (15). Lactose and medium chain triglyceride increase it (15). FTuoride also affects calcium retention primarily by stimulating bone formation thereby decreasing calcium excretion (33-38). The effects of fluoride on calcium utilization have been variable (34,38,39). 

Zurier RB, Hashim SA, Van Itallie TB. Effect of medium chain triglyceride on cholestyramine-induced steatorrhea in man. Gastroenterology 1965 49(5) 490-5. 

Verkijk, M., Vecht, J., Gielkens, H.A.J., Lamers, C., and Masclee, A. (1997) Effects of medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides on antroduodenal motility and small bowel transit time in BignDiseases Sci.,42 1933-1939. 

Seatort, T., WeJe, S. L., Wareoko, M. K, and Campbell, R, G. (1906). Thermic effect of medium chain and long chain triglycerides in man. 4fli. /, CJbi. Nufr 44, 630-634,... 

Sann, L, Mathiew, M., Lasne, V., and Ruitton, A. (1981). Effect of oral administration of lipids with 67% medium chain triglycerides on glucose homeostasis in preterm infants. Meffifcofisrr 30,712-716. 

In 104 patients, the freqnency of pain on injection of etomidate was 32-53% and was severe in 5-20% of patients (5). The freqnency of involnntary movements was 15-35%. The freqnency of both pain and involuntary muscle movements was least when fentanyl 2.5 pg/kg was given before etomidate. There was no significant relation between pain and muscle movement. A medium-chain triglyceride and soya bean emulsion formulation has been used for anesthetic induction, in an attempt to reduce the unwanted adverse effects of pain on injection and thrombophlebitis (6). 

The developmental toxicity of a 20% lipid emulsion containing a 3 1 ratio of medium-chain to long-chain triglycerides has been examined in animals. Administration was once-daily intravenously to rats and rabbits during organogenesis. Maternal and embryo/fetal toxicity were also assessed. There were no adverse effects on fetal parameters for rats even in the presence of maternal toxicity. However, embryo and fetal toxicity (resorptions) and skeletal abnormahties were noted in rabbits (135). The adverse fetal effects were probably the result of dietary deprivation, maternal toxicity, or both rather than representing a direct teratogenic effect. 

Similarly, chronic toxicology studies in animals have shown no harmful adverse effects associated with medium-chain triglycerides following inhalation or intraperitoneal, oral, and parenteral administration. 

In patients consuming diets based on medium-chain triglycerides, adverse effects reported include abdominal pain and diarrhea. 

Bach A, Guisard D, Metais P, Debry G. Metabolic effects following a short and medium-chain triglycerides load in dogs I infusion of an emulsion of short and medium-chain triglycerides. Arch Sci Physiol 1972 26 121-129. 

Ladas S, Isaacs PET, Qureshi Y, Murphy G, and Sladen G. Effect of Long and Medium Chain Triglyceride Meals on Human Ileal Flow-Rate and Luminal Bile-Acid Concentrations. Clinical Science 1981 61 39. 

Medium-chain triglycerides solubilize 192 mg of clomethizole edisilate in Heminevrin Capsules soft gelatin capsules (60 mg equivalent of clomethiazole). Clomethiazole is an oily viscous liquid as the free base but the edisilate (ethanedisulfonate) salt is a solid. Clomethiazole is a short-acting hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects, and Heminevrin is indicated for treatment of resdessness and insomnia that accompany alcohol withdrawal. Clomethiazole has a short half-life and low bioavailability due to extensive hepatic hrst-pass metabolism. The dose of Heminevrin is one to four capsules as needed, and the capsules are stored at room temperature. Heminevrin Capsules have been available in the United Kingdom since 1998. 

Davidian NM, Butler TC, Poole DT. The effect of ketosis induced by medium chain triglycerides on intracellular pH of mouse brain. Epilepsia 1978 19 369-378. 

The negative effects of LCTs on immune function have stimulated a search for new sources of lipids." " Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) may offer several advantages, especially for critically ill patients. MCTs are hydrolyzed and cleared more rapidly than... 

Glickman RM, Alpers DH, Drummey GD et al (1970) Increased lymph alkaline phosphatase after fat feeding effects of medium chain triglycerides and inhibition of protein synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 201 226-235... 

A. R. Dennison, M. Ball, L. J. Hands, P. C. Crowe. R. M. Watkins, and M, Kettle well. Total parenteral nutrition using conventional and medium chain triglycerides effect on liver function tests, complement, and nitrogen balance. J. Parem. Enl. Nutr.. 12 15-19, 1987... 

E, Fiaccadori. G. Torolella, G. L. Gonzi. C. Beghi. D, Albenini, S. Picolini. L. Belli, and A. Avogadro. Hemodynamic and respiratory effect.s of medium-chain and long-chain triglyceride fat emulsions a prospective, randomized study. Riv. Ital. Nuir. Parent. Em.. 15 6-14, 1997. 

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