Importance image

Conventional TCSPC equipment has been successfully employed in LSM for fluorescence spectroscopy on discrete microscopic volumes [18, 19] and for fluorescence lifetime imaging at a low acquisition speed [1], The use of conventional TCSPC equipment for imaging results in very long acquisition times, several to many minutes per (time-resolved) image. Importantly, operating the TCSPC detection system at too high detection rates, above 5% of the excitation frequency, results in distortion of the recorded decay curve [20],... 

Itoh, K., Salm, S., Hahn, PJ ., Imam, N., Ferrucci, J.T. Differentiation between small hepatic hemangiomas and metastases on MR images importance of size-specific quantitative criteria. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 

Fluorescence imaging is the most powerful technique currently available for continuous observation of the dynamic intracellular processes of living cells. Fluorescein is widely employed as the core of various fluorescence probes used in imaging important biological effectors. Despite the extensive use of fluorescein derivatives and the importance of the applications, the mechanism that controls the quantum yield of fluorescence has not been fully established. I report herein photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) mechanism that can control the fluorescence quantum yields of fluorescein and boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives. 

Lim JH, Choi D, Cho SK, et al (2001) Conspicuity of hepatocellular nodular lesions in cirrhotic livers at ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging importance of Kupffer cell number. Radiology 220 669-676... 

Odor is of prime importance because a petroleum solvent is often used in closed rooms moreover, the idea of odor is tied instinctively in the public image to toxicity. Odor is a function of the solvent s composition and volatility. Generally, the paraffin hydrocarbons are less odorous while the aromatics are more so. 

The classical computer tomography (CT), including the medical one, has already been demonstrated its efficiency in many practical applications. At the same time, the request of the all-round survey of the object, which is usually unattainable, makes it important to find alternative approaches with less rigid restrictions to the number of projections and accessible views for observation. In the last time, it was understood that one effective way to withstand the extreme lack of data is to introduce a priori knowledge based upon classical inverse theory (including Maximum Entropy Method (MEM)) of the solution of ill-posed problems [1-6]. As shown in [6] for objects with binary structure, the necessary number of projections to get the quality of image restoration compared to that of CT using multistep reconstruction (MSR) method did not exceed seven and eould be reduced even further. 

The importance of distinct a priori knowledge account becomes more perceptible if noisy data are under restoration. The noise / ( shifts the solution of (1) from the Maximum Likelihood (ML) to the so called Default Model for which the function of the image constraint becomes more significant. 

The importance of these tlnee phenomena varies from one image to an other according to the nature of the metal, the thickness of the piece and the type of radiation employed. 

There are several important partial results. (1) Definition of quality of the CT-data in relation to the imaging task, including a model of the X-ray paths and how it is used to predict the optimal performance. (2) A model and method to determine how the information of the imaged object transfer from the detector entrance screen through the detector chain to CT... 

The use of IP can enable the NR and neutron imaging in general with rather low intensity neutron beams which is Of importance both for neutron beam research as well as for extending NR for the in-the field use in the industry. With the existing reactor based neutron facilities the use of IP can drastically reduce the inspection time ... 

Typically the throughput amounted 30-50 images/hour for a pixel matrix of 2000x2500. The scanner was controlled by a PC with menu oriented software. Important parameters such as pixel size and PMT amplification could be adjusted easily. 

Another important application area is the non-destructive defectoscopy of electronic components. Fig.2a shows an X-ray shadow image of a SMC LED. The 3-dimensional displacement of internal parts can only be visualized non-destructively in the tomographic reconstmction. Reconstructed cross sections through this LED are shown in Fig.2b. In the same way most electronic components in plastic and thin metal cases can be visualized. Even small electronic assemblies like hybrid ICs, magnetic heads, microphones, ABS-sensors can be tested by microtomograpical methods. 

The system is equipped with an DEC- Alpha Station running at 400 MHz. Therefore the time for image reconstruction is not important compared to the time for data acquisition and preparation of the sample. 

Due to the conversion process an absorbed photon give rise to less than one electron generated in the CCD. This phenomenon, also called a "quantum sink" shows that the detector is degrading the S/N ratio of the image. The quality of an image being mainly limited by the quantum noise of the absorbed gamma this effect is very important. 

The development of scanning probe microscopies and x-ray reflectivity (see Chapter VIII) has allowed molecular-level characterization of the structure of the electrode surface after electrochemical reactions [145]. In particular, the important role of adsorbates in determining the state of an electrode surface is illustrated by scanning tunneling microscopic (STM) images of gold (III) surfaces in the presence and absence of chloride ions [153]. Electrodeposition of one metal on another can also be measured via x-ray diffraction [154]. 

Some representative plots of entropies of adsorption are shown in Fig. XVII-23, in general, T AS2 is comparable to Ah2, so that the entropy contribution to the free energy of adsorption is important. Notice in Figs. XVII-23 i and b how nearly the entropy plot is a mirror image of the enthalpy plot. As a consequence, the maxima and minima in the separate plots tend to cancel to give a smoothly varying free energy plot, that is, adsorption isotherm. 

The classical description of magnetic resonance suffices for understanding the most important concepts of magnetic resonance imaging. The description is based upon the Bloch equation, which, in the absence of relaxation, may be written as... 

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