Nitrogen quality factors

Some compounds, however, display no resonance at this temperature, e. g. ICN 10) and piperazine 12) in the former compound, strains may explain the absence of the lines observed at higher temperatures. Operation at liquid nitrogen temperature is convenient because it enhances the Boltzmann factor and the tank coil quality factor. On the other hand, long relaxation times may reduce line intensities below observability, so that it may be better to operate at a slightly higher temperature where relaxation times are shorter while the Boltzmann factor and the coil quality are not much decreased13). 

Residue HDP is complicated by the quality of the feed high nitrogen concentration, asphaltenes and metals are the complicating factors. A large number of parallel and simultaneous reactions occur, both thermal and catalytic. Besides contributing to conversion, the thermal reactions contribute to coke formation, as well. 

The level of plant mineral nutrients available to trees is known to affect fruit quality, but its relative effect is often overestimated compared to other factors such as fruit load and light (and associated assimilate supply to fruit) (see sections above) (for review see Neilsen and Neilsen, 2003). The mineral nutrition of trees and fruits is complex. Uptake of the macronutrients nitrogen... 

In this chapter we have explained several system-inherent factors of organic fruit growing that can improve fruit quality. However, with the intensification of organic fruit production currently under way worldwide (e.g. more intensive nitrogen application on horticultural crops), there is a risk of quality decrease. Therefore, technical progress in organic farming should be closely and scientifically monitored for (side) effects on food quality, possibly in a holistic view that also includes environmental, social and human health criteria. 

In spite of the new vehicle emission EUROx regulations, 20% of Europe s urban population is also living in areas where the atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (N02) exceed established air quality standards [18]. This is due to several factors related to the diesel-powered cars [19] (1) their increasing market penetration across Europe [20] (2) the NO emission factors of diesel cars exceed the emission levels as established during the type approval of these vehicles in the laboratory [19, 21-25] and (3) the fraction of N02 in the NO emissions of diesel... 

The collection of plant tissue is quite different from animal tissue collection. The discussion of collection of plant and animal tissue by Dessauer et al.2S is detailed and helpful. However, the recommendations for procedures unique to plant tissue collection are somewhat misleading and outdated, especially when tropical collections are involved. Plant tissue can now be collected and transported as either fresh tissue (leaves and/or shoot cuttings) or preserved tissue the latter either as cryopreserved tissue (liquid nitrogen or dry ice) or as dried tissue (air-dried, herbarium-dried, lyophilized, or chemically dried). Ambient-temperature liquid chemical preservation techniques (such as those routinely done for herbarium plant specimens in the tropics) so far have been ineffective in maintaining adequate yields of high-quality DNA.15 It should be stressed again that the manner of collecting plant tissue is dictated by several other factors what macromolecule (DNA, RNA, or isozymes) will be examined, what type of nucleic acid extraction method will be used (or, more impor-... 

The maximum nitrogen dioxide concentration measured in the South Coast air basin in 1970 was 0.83 ppm, hourly average. Applying these formulae, we find that we need to reduce concentrations by 70% to stay within the legal limit of air quality. When we consider that it may take as much as ten years to accomplish this, we must aim at more stringent control and apply a growth factor. The planned control of oxides of nitrogen therefore should not be less than 80%. 

---