Horticultural crops

Pecans. Pecan is the most important horticultural crop native to North America (163). The United States is the only substantial producer of pecan, despite the fact that pecans have been introduced into AustraUa, Israel, South Africa, and Argentina. The principal producing states, from high to low, are Georgia, Texas, New Mexico, Louisiana, Alabama, Oklahoma, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Arkansas, and California. Domestic production of 135,597 t/yr in 1990—1991 was valued at 308,954,500 (153). 

Even when horticultural crops leave substantial amounts of nitrate in the soil at harvest, they are not usually a very important factor in the nitrate problem because horticulture occupies only about 6% of the cultivable land. However, there could be a problem if, because of the type of soil, a number of market gardens were concentrated above an aquifer that was an important source of potable water. 

Tucker,G.A.,Seymour,G.B.,Bundick,Y.,Robertson,D.,Sniith,C.J.S and Grierson,D (1992) Use of antisense RNA technology to manipulate pectin degradation in tomato fiuit. New Zealand Journal of Horticultural Crop Botany. 20.119-124... 

In this chapter we have explained several system-inherent factors of organic fruit growing that can improve fruit quality. However, with the intensification of organic fruit production currently under way worldwide (e.g. more intensive nitrogen application on horticultural crops), there is a risk of quality decrease. Therefore, technical progress in organic farming should be closely and scientifically monitored for (side) effects on food quality, possibly in a holistic view that also includes environmental, social and human health criteria. 

Corral-Aguayo R, Yahia EM, Carrillo-Lopez A and Gonzalez-Aguilar G. 2008. Correlation between some nutritional components and the total antioxidant capacity measured with six different assays in eight horticultural crops. J Agric food Chem 56 10498-10504. 

Kader A. 2002. Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 3311. 

Some horticultural crops such as sweet potatoes, bananas, and pineapples can suffer from chilling injury at low temperatures (Lee and Kader 2000). Chilling injury causes accelerated losses in ascorbic acid content of chilling-sensitive crops. Destruction of ascorbic acid can occur before development of any visible symptoms of chilling injury (Lee and Kader 2000). 

Lee SK and Kader AA. 2000. Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biol Technol 20(3) 207-220. 

Ros M, Garcia C, Hernandez MT (2007) Evaluation of different pig slurry composts as fertilizer of horticultural crops Effects on selected chemical and microbial properties. Renew Agric Food Syst 22 307-315... 

Reinert, R. A. Monitoring, detecting, and effects of air pollutants on horticultural crops. Sensitivity of genera and species. HortScience 10 495-S(X), 1975. 

Department of Food Science, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 horticultural Crops Quality Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705... 

Since the development of emulsions for horticultural use about 1870, petroleum oils have been employed in many fields of insect control. On horticultural crops they serve as dormant sprays for scale insects, mites, insect eggs, and certain hibernating caterpillars as summer sprays for mites and scale insects as attractants in poison baits as additives to increase the effectiveness of other insecticides and as carriers for many toxicants. 

Litterick, A.M., Harrier, L., Wallace, P., Watson, C.A. and Wood, M. 2004. The role of uncomposted materials, composts, manures, and compost extracts in reducing pest and disease incidence and severity in sustainable temperate agricultural and horticultural crop production - a review. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 23 453-479. 

Padel and Lampkin (1994, pp. 206-207) reported total variable costs to be typically 50% to 60% lower for organic cereals and grain legumes 10% to 20% for potatoes and horticultural crops and 20% to 25% for dairy cows, mainly due to reduced concentrates. For pigs and poultry, the extra cost of organic feed often means no reduction in average input prices. 

K. Sudheer and V. Indira, Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Vol. 7 of Encyclopaedia of Horticulture and Allied Science, Anmol Publ., New Delhi, 2007. 

Triazines are selective herbicides used to control a wide spectrum of grass and broadleaf weeds in cereal, oilseed, and horticultural crops. Triazine herbicides kill weeds by interfering with the electron transport chain in photosystem II (PS II). These herbicides bind to the QB protein in the PS II reaction center and block the flow of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain. 

Finally, certain triazine herbicides can be used selectively in orchards and in some horticultural crops. In this case, selectivity is not based only on physiological differences between species, but on physical selectivity associated with the location of the herbicide and the roots of the crop and weed species in the soil. Triazine herbicides such as simazine, which has very low solubility in water, remain close to the soil surface in most mineral soils. Careful application of simazine in horticultural or fruit crops can result in the herbicide being available to control shallow-rooted weed species without harming the deeper-rooted perennial species. The success of this use is dependent not only on the relative rooting depths of the tolerant and susceptible species, but also on soil conditions and other factors that may affect herbicide fate and movement. 

Olds, M. (1998). California Horticultural Crops. Statistical Information. Davis, CA , Department of Pomology, University of California, 15 pp. 

Maronek, D.M. Mycorrhizal fungi and their importance in horticulture crop production. Hort Rev 1981 3 172-213. 

Production, market Demand for family and relatives Barter trade (mainly subsistence farming) Export crops (coffee, tea, pyrethrum most crops grown for subsistence such as maize also gets there way into the market) Export of tea dominates but coffee and pyrethrum experience a marked decline due to changes of market forces. Production of maize for market is increased. Increased horticultural production is also realized Export crops Export of tea still dominates but coffee and pyrethrum start picking up at a slow pace. Production of maize and other horticultural crops for market is increased... 

Hadid, A. Batanouny, K. Jabarine, A. and A. Kader (2004) Proposal for expanding the crop mandate of ICARDA to include horticultural crops.-International Center for Agricultural Research in the dry areas (ICARDA). 

Cantwell, M.l. and Reid, M.S. (1992) Postharvest handling systems fresh herbs. In Kader, A.A. (ed.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, 2nd edn. University of California, Oakland, California, pp. 211-213. 

Develop viable weed control strategies for agricultural and horticultural crops... 

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