Sodium chloride nitric acid reaction

The residue from mercaptide stabilizers was dissolved with chlorobenzene, and it was allowed to react with 0.4 ml. of 40% peracetic acid for 10-15 minutes. The reaction product was added with acetone rinsing to a solution of 0.50 gram of sodium sulfite in 100 ml. of water. After adding 5 ml. of concentrated nitric acid the chloride ion was titrated potentiometrically with 0.1N silver nitrate. 

Summary TNT can be made by reacting a 99% nitric acid/methylene chloride mixture with toluene in the presence of 98% sulfuric acid. The 99% nitric acid/methylene chloride mixture is prepared by extracting a mixture of potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid. The reaction mixture is then treated with water, and then filtered to collect any precipitated TNT. The upper methylene chloride layer is then decanted, and evaporated to yield dry solid of TNT. The TNT is then purified by mixing it with 70% sulfuric acid. The acidic mixture is then filtered to collect the TNT, which is then washed with water, and then dried. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion and inhalation. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes (at 2 ppm), and mucous membranes. Potentially explosive reaction with chlorobenzene + sodium, dimethyl sulfoxide, molten sodium, chromyl chloride, nitric acid, sodium peroxide, oxygen (above 100°C), tetravinyl lead. Reacts with carboxylic acids (e.g., acetic acid) to form violently unstable products. Violent reaction or ignition with Al, chromium pentafluoride, diallyl phosphite + allyl alcohol, F2, hexafluoroisopropylideneaminolithium, hydroxylamine, iodine chloride, PbOa, HNO2, organic matter, potassium, selenium dioxide, sulfur acids (e.g., sulfuric acid. 

ACIDE SULFHYDRIQUE (French) (7783-06-4) A highly flammable and reactive gas. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, metal oxides, metal dusts and powders, bromine penta-fluoride, chlorine trifluoride, chromium trioxide, chromyl chloride, dichlorine oxide, nitrogen trichloride, nitryl hypofluorite, oxygen difluoride, perchloryl fluoride, phospham, phosphorus persulfide, silver fulminate, soda-lime, sodium peroxide. Incompatible with acetaldehyde, chlorine monoxide, chromic acid, chromic anhydride, copper, nitric acid, phenyldiazonium-chloride, sodium. Forms explosive material with benzenediazonium salts. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. Attacks many metals. 

AMMONIUM NITRATE (6484-52-2) A strong oxidizer. An ingredient in dynamite. Violent reaction and/or the formation of explosive mixtures with hot water, reducing agents, combustible materials, organic materials, ammonium dichromate, barium chloride, barium nitrate, charcoal, cyanoguanidine, phosphorus, potassium chromate, potassium dichromate, potassium nitrate, potassium permanganate, sodium chloride, finely divided metals. Forms explosive or heat- and shock-sensitive compounds with acetic acid, alkali metals (potassium, sodium, etc.), ammonia, nitric acid, sodium hypochlorite, sulfur, urea. At elevated temperatures, contained or confined material may explode violently. 

The acetonitrile and mercuric nitrate amounts remain the same except they are to be accompanied by 12.6g of fuming nitric acid (see chemicals section) in the reaction flask. Then, with cooling, the safrole or allylbenzene is added just like before. The reaction is immediate and takes no more than 20 minutes of stirring after which lOOmL ice cold dH20 is slowly added. Next, with vigorous stirring, saturated sodium chloride solution is slowly added until a pronounced precipitate forms. This yellowish mass is the chloride. 

Mercuric Nitrate. Mercuric nitrate [10045-94-0] Hg(N02)2, is a colorless dehquescent crystalline compound prepared by the exothermic dissolution of mercury in hot, concentrated nitric acid. The reaction is complete when a cloud of mercurous chloride is not formed when the solution is treated with sodium chloride solution. The product crystallizes upon cooling. Mercuric nitrate is used in organic synthesis as the starting material and for the formulation of a great many other mercuric products. 

The residue, which contains Ir, Ru, and Os, is fused with sodium peroxide at 500°C, forming soluble sodium mthenate and sodium osmate. Reaction of these salts with chlorine produces volatile tetroxides, which are separated from the reaction medium by distillation and absorbed into hydrochloric acid. The osmium can then be separated from the mthenium by boiling the chloride solution with nitric acid. Osmium forms volatile osmium tetroxide mthenium remains in solution. Ruthenium and osmium can thus be separately purified and reduced to give the metals. 

Barium nitrate is prepared by reaction of BaCO and nitric acid, filtration and evaporative crystallization, or by dissolving sodium nitrate in a saturated solution of barium chloride, with subsequent precipitation of barium nitrate. The precipitate is centrifuged, washed, and dried. Barium nitrate is used in pyrotechnic green flares, tracer buUets, primers, and in detonators. These make use of its property of easy decomposition as well as its characteristic green flame. A small amount is used as a source of barium oxide in enamels. 

When the addition of the nitric acid solution is complete, the reaction mixture is removed from the ice bath and allowed to stand at room temperature for two hours. The flask is then warmed, with shaking, to 50 on a water bath (Note 3) and maintained at that temperature for ten minutes. The cooled reactants are then poured slowly into 800 cc. of ice water and well stirred. About 40 g. of sodium chloride is added, and the aqueous layer is decanted and extracted with 200-250 cc. of a commercial grade of ether. The ethereal extract is added to the residual nitromesitylene, and this ethereal solution is washed... 

To a stirred and refluxing solution of 40 parts of benzene and 35 parts of dimethylformamide (both solvents previously dried azeotropically) are added successively 1.6 parts of sodium hydride and 7.7 parts of Ct-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)imidazole-1-ethanol, (coolingon ice is necessary). After the addition is complete, stirring and refluxing is continued for 30 minutes. Then there are added 7.8 parts of 2,6-dichlorobenzyl chloride and the whole is stirred at reflux for another 3 hours. The reaction mixture is poured onto water and the product 1-[2,4-dichloro-/3 (2,6-dichlorobenzyloxy)phenethyl] imidazole, is extracted with benzene. The extract is washed twice with water, dried, filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The bese residue is dissolved in a mixture of acetone and diisopropyl ether and to this solution is added an excess of concentrated nitric acid solution. The precipitated nitrate salt is filtered off and recrystallized from a mixture of methanol and diisopropyl ether, yielding 1-[2,4-dichloro- (2,6-dichlorobenzyl-oxv)phenethyl] imidazole nitrate melting point 179°C. 

Chromate conversion coatings for aluminum are carried out in acidic solutions. These solutions usually contain one chromium salt, such as sodium chromate or chromic acid and a strong oxidizing agent such as hydrofluoric acid or nitric acid. The final film usually contains both products and reactants and water of hydration. Chromate films are formed by the chemical reaction of hexavalent chromium with a metal surface in the presence of accelerators such as cyanides, acetates, formates, sulfates, chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, phosphates, and sulfamates. 

Magnesium nitrate has been reported to undergo spontaneous decomposition in DMF, (possibly as a result of hydrolysis of the hexahydrate above its m.p., 90°C to liberate nitric acid). Although this effect has not been observed with other nitrates, reaction mixtures with hydroly sable nitrates should be treated with care. See Sodium nitrate Jute, Magnesium chloride... 

A novel, mild system for the direct nitration of calixarenes has been developed using potassium nitrate and aluminum chloride at low temperature. The side products of decomposition formed under conventional conditions are not observed in this system, and the p-nitro-calixarenes are isolated in 75-89% yields.17 Such Friedel-Crafts-type nitration using nitryl chloride and aluminum chloride affords a convenient system for aromatic nitration.18 Nitryl chloride was previously prepared either by the oxidation of nitrosyl chloride or by the reaction of chlorosulfonic acid with nitric acid. However, these procedures are inconvenient and dangerous. Recently, a mixture of sodium nitrate and trimethysilyl chloride (TMSC1) has been developed as a convenient method for the in situ generation of nitryl chloride (Eq. 2.6). 

Test 4. To 30 mg of miconazole in a porcelain crucible add 0.3 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate R. Heat over an open flame for 10 min. Allow to cool. Take up the residue with 5 mL of dilute nitric acid R and filter. To 1 mL of the filtrate add 1 mL of water R. The solution gives reaction (a) of chloride (general test (2.3.1)). 

Parabanic acid can be prepared by the condensation of urea with diethyl oxalate in an ethanolic solution of sodium ethoxide,2 by reaction of urea with an ethereal solution of oxalyl chloride,3 by oxidizing uric acid with an acid solution of perhydrol,4 or by the action of hot, concentrated nitric acid on uric acid.5 The present method gives better yields than the previously reported methods and is better adapted to larger-scale preparations. 

Many high explosives can be synthesized from the reaction of picryl chloride with various nucleophiles. 2,2, 4,4, 6,6 -Hexanitrodiphenylsulfide (10) can be prepared from the reaction of picryl chloride (87) with sodium thiosulfate in ethanol solution in the presence of magnesium carbonate. Oxidation of (10) with fuming nitric acid forms 2,2, 4,4, 6,6 -hexanitrodiphenylsulfone (88). ... 

Dinitrochlorobenzene (95) reacts with pyridine to form 2,4-dinitrophenylpyridinium chloride (103), a reactive intermediate which readily reacts with a variety of nucleophiles. The reaction of (103) with hydrogen sulfide yields 2,2, 4,4 -tetranitrodiphenylsulfide (104), which on nitration-oxidation with fuming nitric acid, yields 2,2, 4,4, 6,6 -hexanitrodiphenylsulfoxide (105). The sulfide (104) is also formed from the reaction of two equivalents of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (95) with sodium thiosulfate or sodium disulfide in aqueous ethanol. ... 

Axenrod and co-workers reported a synthesis of TNAZ (18) starting from 3-amino-l,2-propanediol (28). Treatment of (28) with two equivalents of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of pyridine yields the ditosylate (29), which on further protection as a TBS derivative, followed by treatment with lithium hydride in THF, induces ring closure to the azetidine (31) in excellent yield. Removal of the TBS protecting group from (31) with acetic acid at elevated temperature is followed by oxidation of the alcohol (32) to the ketone (33). Treatment of the ketone (33) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in aqueous sodium acetate yields the oxime (34). The synthesis of TNAZ (18) is completed on treatment of the oxime (34) with pure nitric acid in methylene chloride, a reaction leading to oxidation-nitration of the oxime group to em-dinitro functionality and nitrolysis of the A-tosyl bond. This synthesis provides TNAZ in yields of 17-21 % over the seven steps. 

When heated in air at 800°C AS4S4 vapors begin to dissociate to AS2S2 which then ignites to form arsenic oxides. Ignition in chlorine produces arsenic chloride. Reaction with fluorine forms arsenic trifluoride. It is stable in water and also in the air at ambient temperatures. It does not react with hot concentrated HCl but is decomposed by nitric acid. It forms thioarsenite ion, AsS3 and elemental arsenic when warmed with caustic soda solution. Similar reaction occurs with sodium sulfide. 

Gadolinium is produced from both its ores, monazite and bastnasite. After the initial steps of crushing and beneficiation, rare earths in the form of oxides are attacked by sulfuric or hydrochloric acid. Insoluble rare earth oxides are converted into soluble sulfates or chlorides. When produced from monazite sand, the mixture of sand and sulfuric acid is initially heated at 150°C in cast iron vessels. Exothermic reaction sustains the temperature at about 200 to 250°C. The reaction mixture is cooled and treated with cold water to dissolve rare earth sulfates. The solution is then treated with sodium pyrophosphate to precipitate thorium. Cerium is removed next. Treatment with caustic soda solution fohowed by air drying converts the metal to cerium(lV) hydroxide. Treatment with hydrochloric or nitric acid sol-... 

Laux, J. M., J. C. Hemminger, and B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of the Heterogeneous Reaction of Gaseous Nitric Acid with Sodium Chloride Kinetics and Contribution to the Chemistry of the Marine Troposphere, Geophys. Res. Let., 21, 1623-1626 (1994). 

The conditions under which HC1 formed in acidified sodium chloride droplets would be expected to enter the gas phase have been treated by Clegg and Brimble-combe (1990). Cadle and co-workers (Robbins et al., 1959 Cadle and Robbins, 1960) observed that NaCl aerosols in the presence of 0.1-100 ppm NOz at relative humidities of 50-100% lost chloride ion from the particles. They ascribed this to the formation of nitric acid from NOz, followed by reaction (1). Schroeder and Urone (1974) subsequently suggested that NOz could react directly with NaCl to produce gaseous nitrosyl chloride, C1NO, which they observed using infrared spectroscopy stoichiometrically, this is represented as... 

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