Nervous system depressants and

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AH four butanols are thought to have a generaHy low order of human toxicity (32). However, large dosages of the butanols generaHy serve as central nervous system depressants and mucous membrane irritants. Animal toxicity and irritancy data (32) are given in Table 4. 

In the past, trichloroethylene was used as a human anesthetic. Trichloroethylene has also been used by individuals who intentionally inhale it for its narcotic properties. Therefore, most of the information regarding the effects of trichloroethylene in humans comes from case studies and experiments describing effects of trichloroethylene after inhalation exposure. These studies indicate that the primary effect of exposure to trichloroethylene is on the central nervous system. Effects include headache, vertigo, fatigue, short-term memory loss, decreased word associations, central nervous system depression, and anesthesia. 

Vesicants are also systemic agents and readily pass through the skin to affect susceptible tissue including those that produce blood. For this reason they are often described as radio-mimetic poisons. In severe cases, systemic effects can include cardiovascular shock and multiorgan failure. Nitrogen vesicants can also cause central nervous system depression and cardiovascular shock. Both sulfur and nitrogen vesicants are carcinogenic. 

Her case is one of a great many in which some decline in optimal mental function compromises life. These compromises fall into two general categories, whose distinction may be less real than apparent. On the one hand, there are neurological diseases in which there is some detectable, definable lesion in the nervous system. In the last chapter, we met one notable example Alzheimer s disease. As mentioned then, Alzheimer s disease is characterized by amyloid plaques external to neurons and fibrillary tangles within them—clear lesions. On the other hand, there are psychiatric diseases in which the pathology is clear but for which we can detect no lesion in the nervous system. Depression and schizophrenia provide two important examples. 

Toxicology. Acetylene tetrabromide is an eye and nasal irritant, central nervous system depressant, and hepatotoxin. 

Systemic toxicity may occur after chronic or multiple exposures. Possible effects include gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, kidney injury such as oliguria or anuria, central nervous system depression, and vascular collapse. 

Toxicology. Bromodichloromethane is a central nervous system depressant and causes damage to the liver and kidneys it is carcinogenic in experimental animals. 

Toxicology. -Butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) causes central nervous system depression and is a mild irritant of the eyes and skin in animals it is expected that severe exposure will cause the same effects in humans. 

Toxicology. p-tert-Butyl toluene is an irritant of the mucous membranes, a central nervous system depressant and may cause cardiovascular and hematologic disturbances chronic exposure in animals causes lung, brain, liver, and kidney damage. 

Toxicology. Chlorobenzene is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes it can cause central nervous system depression and liver and kidney damage. 

Toxicology. Chlorodifluoromethane gas causes central nervous system depression and cardiac effects extremely high concentrations may cause a deficiency of oxygen with the risk of unconsciousness or death. 

In acute animal studies, the concentrations that killed at least 70% of animals with an 8-hour exposure were 170 ppm for mice, 700 ppm for cats, 2000 ppm for rabbits, and 4000-6000 ppm for rats. Symptoms included inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose, followed by central nervous system depression and death ftom respiratory failure. Repeated exposure of rats 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks caused skin and eye irritation and growth depression at 40 ppm at 160 and 62 5 ppm, it resulted in loss of hair, morphologic liver damage, and increased mortality. "... 

Toxicology. 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) is a mild central nervous system depressant and causes sterility in male workers due to a selective effect on seminiferous tubules. 

Toxicology. Ethyl ether causes eye and respiratory irritation, and, at high concentrations, it produces central nervous system depression and narcosis. 

Toxieology. Iodoform causes central nervous system depression and damage to the kidneys, liver, and heart. 

Toxieology. Stoddard solvent is a mild central nervous system depressant and a mucous membrane irritant. 

Toxicology. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is toxic to the liver and causes central nervous system depression and gastrointestinal effects. 

Human deaths after inhalation exposure have been attributed to respiratory failure secondary to central nervous system depression and to cardiac arrhythmias. Lethal arrhythmias may result from sensitization of the heart to epinephrine. 

Ginsenoside Rbj is a representative of the saponins derived from 20 (S )-proto-panaxadiol (Fig. 1). It exhibits central nervous system-depressant and antipsychotic... 

Ingestion of concentrated solutions of carbon tetrachloride can cause death in humans within hours to days. The principal clinical signs observed in fatal cases include gastrointestinal irritation, central nervous system depression and cardiovascular disturbances, with death usually resulting from severe injury to kidney and/or liver (Guild et al. 1958 reviewed in von Oettingen 1964). 

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