P-tert-Butyl toluene

The indirect preparation of p (tert-butyl)benzaldehyde (TBB) from p(tert-butyl)toluene and the electrogenerated Mn(III) in the batch mode (6301 tank) and continuous process using a cascade (Fig. 13) has been examined [140], The data are summarized in Table 12. 

TBT = p-tert-butyl toluene TBB = p-tert-butyl benzaldehyde... 

Toxicology. p-tert-Butyl toluene is an irritant of the mucous membranes, a central nervous system depressant and may cause cardiovascular and hematologic disturbances chronic exposure in animals causes lung, brain, liver, and kidney damage. 

Butoxy ethanol sec-Butyl acetate t-Butyl acetate n-Butyl acetate sec-Butyl alcohol t-Butyl alcohol n-Butyl alcohol n-Butyl glycidyl ether p-tert-Butyl toluene... 

Kinetic data are available for the nitration of a series of p-alkylphenyl trimethylammonium ions over a range of acidities in sulphuric acid.70,71 The following table shows how -methyl and p-tert-butyl augment the reactivity of the position ortho to them.70 Comparison with table 9.1 shows how very much more powerfully both the methyl and the tert-butyl group assist substitution into these strongly deactivated cations than they do at the o-positions in toluene and ieri-butylbenzene. Analysis of these results, and comparison with those for chlorination and bromination, shows that even in these highly deactivated cations, as in the nitration of alkylbenzenes ( 9.1.1), the alkyl groups still release electrons in the inductive order.70 In view of the comparisons just... 

Table 3 GIAO-DFT calculated and experimentally derived CISa of toluene in p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene-toluene complex (1-3) (see Fig. 15)...

The structures of complexes of calixarenes are most effectively revealed by x-ray crystallography. The first solid-state complex published was that of p-tert-butyl-ca ix[4]arene with toluene (Fig. 1). 

Figure 2.55 X-ray crystallographic structure of the 1 1 endo -calix complex of p-tert-butyl-calix [4] arene (128) and toluene (126). (By permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.)...

To a toluene extract of the polymer is added methanolic lithium chloride base electrolyte. Precipitated polymer is removed and the resulting clear layer polarographed. Calibration is achieved by polarography of known toluene-methanol solutions of p-tert butyl perbenzoate. 

Lipases from C. antarctica and P. cepacia showed higher enantioselectivity in the two ionic liquids l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoroborate than in THE and toluene, in the kinetic resolution of several secondary alcohols [49]. Similarly, with lipases from Pseudomonas species and Alcaligenes species, increased enantioselectivity was observed in the resolution of 1 -phenylethanol in several ionic liquids as compared to methyl tert-butyl ether [50]. Another study has demonstrated that lipase from Candida rugosa is at least 100% more selective in l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoroborate and l-octyl-3-nonylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate than in n-hexane, in the resolution of racemic 2-chloro-propanoic acid [51]. 

Some radicals (e.g., tert-butyl, benzyl, and cyclopropyl), are nucleophilic (they tend to abstract electron-poor hydrogen atoms). The phenyl radical appears to have a very small degree of nucleophilic character. " For longer chains, the field effect continues, and the P position is also deactivated to attack by halogen, though much less so than the a position. We have already mentioned (p. 896) that abstraction of an a hydrogen atom from ring-substituted toluenes can be correlated by the Hammett equation. 

It should be mentioned that the commercially available VC usually contained a small percentage (<2%) of prohibitors that stabilized the reactive VC from polymerizing upon storage. These compounds were usually radical scavengers such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBC) or butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). Recently, reports pointed out that the presence of these prohibitors actually had a negative impact on the anodic stability of VC on various cathode materials, and VC of high purity was of vital importance in obtaining reproducible performance in lithium ion cells. 

A very interesting synthetic method of bicyclo[n.l.O]alkanes from cychc ketones via this 1,3-C,H insertion of magnesium carbenoid as a key reaction was reported (equation 22) . 1-Chlorovinyl p-tolyl sulfoxide (76) was synthesized from cyclopentadecanone and chloromethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide in three steps in high overall yield. Lithium enolate of tert-butyl acetate was added to 76 to give the adduct 77 in quantitative yield. a-Chlorosulfoxide (77) in a toluene solution was treated with i-PrMgCl in ether at —78 °C and the reaction mixture was slowly warmed to 0°C to afford the bicyclo[13.1.0]hexadecane derivative 79 in 96% yield through the reaction of the intermediate magnesium carbenoid 78. 

These heteropolyacids are superior to Nafion and give 4-R-phenol with 92-98% yields at 373-413 K by use of toluene or p-xylene for tert-butyl group acceptors. It is claimed that these catalysts can be readily separated from the reaction mixture and reused. 

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