Otitis, external

Acute otitis external (swimmers ear) is an inflammatory condition of the external ear canal, most... 

Common ear disorders are cerumen (ear wax) impaction, otitis external, otitis media (infections of the external and middle ear), and vestibular disorders of the inner ear. 

Glassman JM, Pillar J, Soyka JP (1978) Otitis external comparative in vitro sensitivities of clinical isolates of bacteria and fimgi to nonantibiotic and antibiotic otic preparations. Curr Ther Res Clin... 

A study of by Palmer-Toy et al.,12 summarized in Table 19.1, provides further empirical evidence of the utility of techniques coupling heating with efficient protein extraction for the proteomic analysis of FFPE tissue. A specimen from a patient with chronic stenosing external otitis was divided in half and preserved as fresh-frozen tissue or FFPE. Ten micromolar sections of the FFPE tissue were vortexed in heptane to deparaffinize the tissue and were then co-extracted with methanol. The methanol layer was evaporated, and the protein residue was resuspended in 2% SDS/lOOmM ammonium bicarbon-ate/20mM dithiothreitol (DTT), pH 8.5 and heated at 70°C for lh. After tryptic digestion, 123 total confident proteins were identified in the FFPE tissue, compared to 94 proteins identified from the fresh-frozen tissue. Hwang et al. also reported up to a fivefold increase in protein extraction efficiency for samples extracted in a Tris-HCl/2% SDS/1% Triton X-100/1% deoxycholate solution at 94°C for 30 min versus samples extracted in 100 mM ammonium bicarbonate/30% acetonitrile at the same temperature.14... 

A 50- year-old male diabetic develops an external otitis from which Pseudomonas organisms are cultured. Topical therapy with polymyxin is effective. What is the mechanism of action of polymyxin ... 

Direct application of phenol to the inner ear of rats has resulted in external otitis, inner ear damage, and decreased brain-stem auditory response (Schmidt et al. 1990), and inflammation of the tympanic membrane (Schmidt and Hellstrom 1993). These studies were conducted because phenol has been used as a topical anesthetic in infected ears. 

Otitis externa inflammation or infection of the external ear Otitis interna labyrinthitis, inflammation or infection of the inner ear... 

A 6-year-old relatively healthy boy is diagnosed with external otitis and was prescribed a 7-day course of TMP-SMX. Which of the following is the basic mechanism of action of the sulfonamides ... 

In combination with neomycin, polymyxin B can be used as a bladder irrigant to reduce the risk of catheter-associated infections, although this use remains controversial. It also can be used as topical therapy in external otitis caused by P. aeruginosa. 

Saudi Arabia. Hot water extract of the dried rhizome is taken orally as a stomachic, a diuretic, a carminative, and an antiemetic and used externally as an antiseptic, anesthetic, and astringent . South Korea. Hot water extract of the dried rhizome is taken orally as an abortifa-cient . Hot water extract of the rhizome, together with Bupleurum falcatum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Panax ginseng, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Zizyphusjujuha, and Pinellia tuberosa, is taken orally for tonsillitis, otitis media, tuberculosis, common cold, liver disorders, chills, fevers, and chest pains . 

General luhrication Topical Apply gel to exterior of tube or instrument prior to use. Otitis externa, otitis media Otic Instill 4-5 drops into external ear canal of affected ears. Repeat q l-2h as needed. 

External Otitis. The method comprises the step of administering a silver composition, one to five times a day to the infected ear until there was a response. Six patients were treated with approximately two drops of a composition of the present invention into the infected ears for three times per day. The patients showed a full recovery after about four days. 

Polymyxin B is not used systemically because of its neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Topically, it is used in combination with other antibacterial drugs or steroids to prevent and treat skin infections and external otitis. 

Otic preparations are commonly used to treat diseases of the external ear and occasionally of the middle ear. Diseases of the ear include cerumen impaction, dermatitis of the external ear canal, and infectious processes. External otitis (swimmers ear) and chronic otitis media constitute the majority of infectious diseases of the ear. This article gives an overview of otic preparations, their uses, current availability, and the area of future development. 

The external auditory canal skin is normally acidic, with a pH level between 4 and 5. Keratin, which consists of desquamated epithelial cells, is produced by the epithelial (skin) lining of the external ear canal it has an isoelectric point of pH 5. Any increase above this value causes hydration of the keratin layer, increasing susceptibility to pathogenic organisms. Because as most organisms responsible for otitis... 

Chronic suppurative otitis media is an inflammatory condition of the middle ear. The presence of a tympanic membrane perforation or a tympanostomy tube allows drainage into the external ear canal. Increased vascularity of the mucosa and submucosa, combined with acute and chronic inflammatory cells, is its hallmark. Granulation tissue, fibrosis, and osteoneogenesis are also commonly present. The granulation tissue contains neutrophils and plasma cells associated with small blood vessels and fibroblasts. ... 

In contrast to the use of cerumenolytic agents, cerumen replacement products for conditions such as dry skin, eczema, psoriasis, and chronic otitis of the external ear canal are occasionally required for some patients Unfortunately, there is no product available currently to meet this need. 

Isopropyl alcohol is used to rinse the ear canal in patients prone to the development of external otitis. It is commonly applied after swimming as a prophylactic measure. Although isopropyl alcohol has broad bactericidal activity, it is widely used as a drying agent for the external ear canal. It displaces water left in the ear canal after swimming. Application into the middle ear space causes severe pain, and it should not be used in the presence of a perforated tympanic membrane. 

A powder insufflator can be used for the instillation of antimicrobial agents into the external ear canal or mastoid cavity. Current antibiotic preparations suitable for the insufflator device are shown in Table 5. They are packaged into capsules that fit into the insufflator. The patient can easily blow the powder into the ear canal without spreading it around. The activity of these anti biotics against organisms responsible for chronic otitis has already been stated. Other common antibiotics or antiseptics may be applied in powder form in an otolaryngologist s office boric acid is the most common example (Fig. 2). 

Anesthetic agents (Table 6) are used to eliminate the pain associated with infections such as external otitis. 

Jones, E.H. External Otitis. Diagnosis and Treatment Charles C. Thomas, Publisher Springfield, IL, 1965. 

For external otitis, therapeutic local antibiotic concentrations can be achieved by giving gentamicin ear-drops twice daily more frequent administration is not needed (56). 

Rakover Y, Smuskovitz A, Colodner R, Keness Y, Rosen G. Duration of antibacterial effectiveness of gentamicin ear drops in external otitis. J Laryngol Otol 2000 114(ll) 827-9. 

Otitis externa and otitis media are infections of the external and middle ear respectively and are treated with analgesics (see chapter 16) and antibiotics (see chapter 13). Table 22-2 contains commonly prescribed antibiotics for ear infections. 

Otitis externa is inflammation of the external auditory canal. The acute form is usually caused by bacterial infection, but it may also be fungal or viral. The chronic form is eczematous and may be atopic or a contact dermatitis. Dermatitis may become infected and the two types of otitis externa can exist together. 

Aluminium acetate is astringent and hygroscopic and produces an acidic environment that is hostile to pathogenic bacteria. Aluminium Acetate (13%) Ear Drops BP can be used as an anti-inflammatory for eczematous otitis externa in the external ear canal. 

Other reports also support a role for bacterial lectins in natural infections. Sialylated glycoproteins, administered orally, protected colostrum-deprived, newborn calves against lethal doses of enterotoxigenic E. coli K99[158]. In a clinical trial in humans, patients with otitis externa (a painful swelling with secretion from the external auditory canal) caused by P. aeruginosa were treated at the site of infection with a solution of galactose, mannose and AT-acetylneuraminic acid. The results were fully comparable to those obtained with conventional antibiotic treatment [159]. 

Infections of the skin, mucous membranes, eye, and ear due to polymyxin B—sensitive microorganisms respond to local application of the antibiotic in solution or ointment. External otitis, frequently due to Pseudomonas, may be cured by the topical use of the drug. R aeruginosa is a common cause of infection of comeal ulcers local application or subconjunctival injection of polymyxin B often is curative. 

The mother of a 13-year-old child who is diagnosed with external otitis tells the nurse her child spends a lot of time swimming. Which information is most important for the nurse to discuss with the mother ... 

A 2% acetic acid solution or 2% boric acid in ethyl alcohol is effective in drying the canal and restoring its normal acidic environment. This is the most important information for the nurse to teach because, although suggesting ways to prevent water from entering is helpful, the client must dry the canal to prevent further episodes of external otitis. 

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