Naphthenic acids properties

Definition Obtained by treating cobaltous hydroxide with naphthenic acid Properties Brn. amorphous powd. or bluish-red solid sol. in oxygenated soivs., oil, alcohol, ether insol. in water dens. 0.95 flash pt. 120 F autoignition temp. 529 F contains 6% Co Toxicology TWA 0.1 mg(Co)/m (fume, dust) LD50 (oral, rat) 3900 mg/kg mod. toxic by ing. TSCA listed... 

Using strong caustic solutions for the extraction may create separation problems because naphthenic acid salts are emulsifying agents. Properties of two naphthenic acid types are shown in Table 4-4. ... 

Oxygen-containing impurities such as phenols and naphthenic acids can adversely affect water separation properties and initiate gum formation. No limit presently exists to control the amount of oxidized organic compounds found in jet fuel. However, tests for existent gums, neutralization number, and water separation indirectly limit the presence of oxygenated materials in jet fuel. 

The oxidation of cyclohexane is accompanied by the oxidative degradation of the products. In other words, the products themselves undergo metal-initiated radical chain oxidation. For this reason oxidation is normally carried out at low conversions when the selectivity to the desired products is high. The catalysts used are a mixture of hydrocarbon soluble carboxylate salts of Co2+ and Mn2+ or Cr3+. Due to the better solubility properties, salts of long-chain carboxylic acids such as 2-ethyl hexanoic or naphthenic acids are favored. As already mentioned, the primary role of the metal ions is to act as catalysts for the initiation steps. In other words, the metal ions undergo redox reactions with 8.9 to give 8.10 and 8.11. 

Copper Naphthenate. When naphthenic acids are neutralized with alkali, they react with a number of metal salts to form naphthen-ates. Because of its fungicidal properties, copper is normally the metal used. The naphthenic acids 2 are structurally variable (3). The... 

The focus here is on these mechanisms. A high content of naphthenic acids in heavy oils is a good property for soap generation and emulsification. Therefore, this chapter also presents the synergy between alkali and surfactant in heavy oil reservoirs. First, it discusses the phase behavior of the mixed system of soap and surfactant. Then it describes how to build up a UTCHEM phase behavior model and how to use the model to analyze phase behavior. In addition, this chapter investigates a number of parameters related to phase behavior. 

Dodd [68] measured the rheological properties of interfacial films in a semiquanti-tative manner by employing an interfacial shear rotational viscometer to study crude-water interfaces with NaCl, acid, and basic additives in the water phase. He concluded that the film must be comprised of naphthenic acids, naphthenic acid soaps, and naphthenic acid anions, in combination with resins, asphaltenes, and waxes. Furthermore, the acidic species must desorb from the interface under basic conditions and partition into the aqueous phase, rendering the interface considerably less rigid. Subsequent researchers have shown that acidic asphaltenes are more effective at emulsion stabilization than their neutral counterparts. 

Properties Dk. low-vise, liq. sol. in org. soivs. and oils insol. in water acid no. 160-230 7-30% unsaponifiables MCRS High Purity Naphthenic Acid [Merichem Chems. Refinery Services]... 

Properties Gardner 3 min. color high sol. in hydrocarbons and oils low sol. in water acid no. 220-310 3 max.% unsaponifiables MCRS Refined Naphthenic Acid [Merichem Chems. Refinery Services] Chem. Descrip. Naphthenic acid CAS 1338-24-5 EINECS/ELINCS 215-662-8 Uses Chem. and surfactant intermediate (derivs. used in paint and ink driers, lubricant/fuel additives, heat/UV stabilizers, cutting oils, and also wood preservatives, corrosion inhibitors, emulsifiers, defoamers, tire cord adhesives) prod, of metal soaps... 

Synonyms Naphthenic acid, calcium salt Naphthenic acids, calcium salts Definition Calcium deriv. of cycloparaffin hydrocarbon Properties Light sticky tenacious mass sol. in CCL, gasoline, benzene, ether insol. in water... 

Properties Unpleasant odor m.w. 114.14 m.p. 4 C b.p. 216 C ref. index 1.4540 Toxicology Irritant Uses Surfactant in cosmetics Manuf./Distrib. Advanced Synthesis Tech. http //www.advancedsynthesis.com-, Aldrich http //www.sigma-aidrich.com-, Fluka http //www.sigma-aidrich.com Trade Name Synonyms Nikkol Naphthenic Acid t[Nikko Chems. Co. Ltd http //www.nikkoi.co.jp/index.htmi]... 

CAS 61790-14-5 EINECS/ELINCS 263-109-4 Synonyms Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, lead salt Naphthenic acid lead salt Empirical C7H12O2 xPb Properties M.w. 1578.52 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 5100 mg/kg, (IP, rat) 520 mg/kg poison mod. toxic by IP route mildly toxic by ing. questionable carcinogen tumorigen TSCA listed... 

Synonyms Naphthenic acid, sodium salt Naphthenic acids, sodium salt Properties Wh. paste or dk. brn. clear liq. sol. in water, 95% ethanol, acetone sol. < 1 mg/ml in DMSO dens. 1.059 g/cm (20 C) flash pt. > 93.3 C low hydrolyic dissociation Precaution Probably combustible Storage Store at ambient temps. 

CAS 12001-85-3 EINECS/ELINCS 234-409-2 Synonyms Naphthenic acid zinc salt Empiiicai Ci4Hio04Zn Formula Zn(C6HsCOO)2 Properties Amber vise. liq. or solid very sol. in acetone insol. in water... 

Demulsifiers synthesized by polycondensation of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer, an oxalkylated fatty amine, and a dicarboxylic acid are known as polyester amines. These demulsifiers have the ability to adhere to natural substances that stabilize emulsions, such as organic materials formed by asphaltenes, oil resins, naphthenic acids, paraffins, and waxes they also adhere to inorganic particles formed by clays, carbonates, silica, and metallic salts. These properties increase the demulsification efficiency of the polyester amines [2, 5]. The availability of a variety of building blocks allows for the preparation of demulsifiers for specific applications. With this chemicd arsenal it is possible to tailor demulsifiers for nearly all problems posed by stable emulsions, including crude oil dehydration and desalting. 

From an operational perspective, naphthenic acids are both beneficial and potentially a concern. As has been discussed earlier, the surface active properties play an important role in the efficiency of the bitumen separation methods from oil sands. These same surface active properties result in toxic responses to an array of biota that may affect the water... 

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