Naming compounds amines

Examples The various compounds that may be detected conveniently are, namely aromatic amines, phenols, ketones, and aldehydes and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. 

In the names of amines, the general use of suffixes and prefixes is not always observed. Normally, the suffix -amine would be added to the name of the parent hydride and engender names such as methanamine (CH3-NH2). Further substitution on the nitrogen atom would then be indicated by prefixes, leading to names that appear very cumbersome, such as A -methylmethanamine for (CH3)2NH and N,N-dimethylmethanamine for (CH3)3N. The traditional names of methylamine, di-methylamine and trimethylamine are much simpler. In these names, the term amine is not a suffix. It is, in fact, the name of the parent hydride, NH3, which now serves as the basis of substitutive names. Names such as diethylamine and tributylamine are representative of the preferred nomenclature. Diamines are named accordingly, as with ethane-1,2-diamine for H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2 and propane-1,3-diamine for H2N-[CH2]3-NH2. There are allowed alternatives for these last two compounds ethylenediamine and propane-1,3-diyldiamine. 

Nomenclature.—A definite system of nomenclature has been adopted for metal-ammines, and the old names derived from the colour of the compounds have, in the main, been abandoned, as they lead to confusion. The system adopted is that suggested by Werner. Ammonia molecules present in the complex are indicated by the terms monam-mino, diammino, triammino, tetrammino, pentammino, hexammino, the word ammino, written with a double m, having been adopted to show the relationship with ammonia and to distinguish from the ammonium salts and the substituted ammonia compounds, namely, the amines. 

A polyfunctional organic molecule can contain many different kinds of functional groups, but for nomenclature purposes, we must choose just one suffix. It s not correct to use two sufhxes. Thus, keto ester 3 must be named either as a ketone with an -one. suffix or as an ester with an -oate suffix but can t be named as an -onoate. Similarly, amino alcohol 4 must be named either as an alcohol (-ol) or as an amine i-amine) but can t properly be named as an -olamine. The only exception to this rule is in naming compounds that have double or triple bonds. For example, the unsaturated acid H2C=CHCH2C00H is 3-butenoic acid, and the acetylenic alcohol HCSCCH2CH2CH2CH2OH is 5-hexyn-l-ol. 

The systematic names of amines are based on consideration of the compounds as derivatives of ammonia. Amines of more complex structure are sometimes named as derivatives of the parent hydrocarbon with the term amino- used as a prefix to describe —NH2. 

A primary amine is a compound containing an NH2 group connected to an alkyl group. lUPAC nomenclature allows two different ways to name primary amines. While either method can be used in most circumstances, the choice most often depends on the complexity of the alkyl group. If the alkyl group is rather simple, then the compound is generally named as an alkyl amine. With this approach, the alkyl substituent is identified followed by the suffix "amine." Below are several examples. 

This chapter is divided into seven main sections. The first of these sections is focused on technological contaminants, namely heterocyclic amines, acrylamide, furan, chloropropanok and their fatty acid esters, polycycKc aromatic hydrocarbons, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitroso compounds, and ethyl carbamate. Other sections deal with microbial toxins (mycotoxins and bacterial toxins), persistent organohalogen contaminants (such as polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans), chlorinated ahphatic hydrocarbons, pesticides (persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons and modem pesticides), veterinary medicines and contaminants from packaging materials. Presented for each of these contaminants are structures, properties, occurrence and the main sources of dietary intake, mechanisms of formation, possibilities of food contamination, prevention and mitigation and health and toxicological evaluations. 

Compounds containing sp nitrogen atoms are named as amines. lUPAC mandates metha-namine for MeNH2 common usage is methylamine. 

Alkaloid (Section 22 4) Amine that occurs naturally in plants The name derives from the fact that such compounds are weak bases... 

Complex cyclic compounds may be named by adding the suffix -amine or the prefix amino- (or aminoalkyl-) to the name of the parent compound. Thus three names are permissible for... 

When the compound can be considered as derived from a base whose name does not end in -amine, its quaternary nature is denoted by adding ium to the name of that base (with elision of e), substituent groups are cited as prefixes, and the name of the anion is added separately at the end. Examples are... 

For oximes, the word oxime is placed after the name of the aldehyde or ketone. If the carbonyl group is not the principal group, use the prefix hydroxyimino-. Compounds with the group Z = N—OR are named by a prefix alkyloxyimino- as oxime O-ethers or as O-substituted oximes. Compounds with the group r C=N(0)R are named by adding A-oxide after the name of the alkylideneaminc compound. For amine oxides, add the word oxide after the name of the base, with locants. For example, C5H5N—O is named pyridine A-oxide or pyridine 1-oxide. 

BenZimidaZolones. This class of pigments derives its name from 5-aminobenzimidazolone/Pj5 -2J-< 7 which upon reaction with diketene or 2-hydtoxy-3-naphthoyl chloride leads to compounds which can be coupled with a variety of diazotized amines. 

A wide variety of quaternaries can be prepared. Alkylation with benzyl chloride may produce quaternaries that are biologically active, namely, bactericides, germicides, or algaecides. Reaction of a tertiary amine with chloroacetic acid produces an amphoteric compound, a betaine. 

Fast Color Salts. In order to simplify the work of the dyer, diazonium salts, in the form of stable dry powders, were introduced under the name of fast color salts. When dissolved in water they react like ordinary diazo compounds. These diazonium salts, derived from amines, free from solubilizing groups, are prepared by the usual method and are salted out from the solutions as the sulfates, the metallic double salts, or the aromatic sulfonates. The isolated diazonium salt is sold in admixture with anhydrous salts such as sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate. 

P-(P -D-aiabinofuianosyl)-9ff-puiin-6-amine] [5536-17 ], an antineoplastic and antiviral compound known by a number of trade names, and AZT (3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine [30516-87-1]) an antiviral compound also known by a variety of trade names (see Antiviral agents). 

Choline base [123-41 -17, [(CH2)3NCH2CH20H] 0H, triniethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)-ammonium hydroxide, derives its name from bile (Greek chole from which it was first obtained. This so-called free-ch oline is a colorless, hygroscopic Hquid with an odor of trimethyl amine. The quaternary ammonium compound (1) choline [62-49-7] or a precursor is needed in the diet as a constituent of certain phosphoHpids universally present in protoplasm. 

The amines are a group of compounds with the general formula R-NHj, and all the common amines are hazardous. As a class the amines pose more than one hazard, being flammable, toxic, and, in some cases, corrosive. The amines are an analogous series of compounds and follow the naming pattern of the alkyl halides and the alcohols that is, the simplest amine is methyl amine, with the molecular formula of CH NHj. Methyl amine is a colorless gas with an ammonia-like odor and an ignition temperature of 806°F. It is a tissue irritant and toxic, and it is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of many chemicals. Ethyl amine is next in the series, followed by propyl amine, isopropyl amine, butyl amine and its isomers, and so on. 

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