Amination compounds

Catalysis of the flexible polyurethane foaming operation is accompHshed through the use of tertiary amine compounds, often using two different amines to balance the blowing and gelling reactions. OrganometalHc compounds, usually staimous salts, are also used to faciHtate gelling and promote final cure. 

Water-dispersible resins contain carboxyhc groups which are neutralized using base or amine compounds. This solubilizes the resin in solution and also promotes pigment wetting. Film formation occurs by the evaporation of volatiles foUowed by cross-linking through ambient cure oxidative reactions or elevated temperature reactions. Solvents, most commonly glycol ethers, are used to promote film formation and improve film quahty. 

Antioxidants (qv) usually provide only a marginal improvement ia heat aging resistance because of the inherent oxidation resistance of the saturated backbone of ACM. The antioxidants most frequently used are nonvolatile amine compounds. 

Reductive cyclization of 4-piperidinecarboxamide 562 afforded 563 which could be alternatively obtained by condensation of 564 with the respective cyclic amine. Compound 563 showed inhibition of writhing in mice (96EP700913). Similarly, 565 gave 566 (76JMC1111) (Scheme 94). 

Most of the reactions applied to amines can also be transferred to alcohols (Eig. 7-5). One large group of chiral alcohols are the (i-adrenoreceptor blockers, for which a variety of derivatization agents was developed. One highly versatile reagent for the separation of (i-blockers is A-[(2-isothiocyanato)cyclohexyl]3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-amide (DDITC) [11]. Alternatively, unichiral drugs such as (3-blockers or (S)-naproxen [12] may be used in a reciprocal approach to derivatize racemic amine compounds. 

Heterocyclic amines—compounds in which the nitrogen atom occurs as part of a ring—are also common, and each different heterocyclic ring system has its own parent name. The heterocyclic nitrogen atom is always numbered as position 1. 

Trace amines are a family of endogenous monoamine compounds including (3-phenylethylamine (PEA), p-tyramine (TYR), tryptamine (TRP) and octopamine (OCT). The trace amines share close structural similarity with the well known classical monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT). As their name suggests, trace amines occur in comparably much lower abundance than monoamine neurotransmitters. For historical reasons, other endogenous amine compounds which might share some structural similarities with PEA, TYR, TRP or OCT are not referred to as trace amines. 

Within the biooxidation of disulfides, chiral thiosulfinates become available. Tert-Butyl tert-butanethiosulfinate represents a particularly valuable chiral auxiliary for the preparation of several chiral sulfoxides and sulfinimines, which can be subsequently transformed into branched amine compounds, P-aminoacids, and chiral aziridines. This product is accessible readily by mediated biooxidation of tert-butyl... 

The bisphosphonate - upon reduction with lithiumaluminum hydride in ether at 0°C - produced the amide functionalized primary bisphosphine (1) in good yields [45]. This reaction proceeded to reduce the amide group in 1 to produce the amine functionaUzed primary bisphosphine (2) in <5% yields. The amido bisprimary phosphine 1 is an air stable crystalline solid whereas the amine compound 2 is an oxidatively stable liquid. Separation of 1 and 2 in pure forms was achieved using coliunn chromatography. The amidic bisprimary phosphine 1 was crystallized from chloroform and exhibits remarkable stability not only in the solid state but also in solution as well. The crystal structure of the air stable primary his-phosphine 1 as shown in Fig. 1 is unprecedented to date. 

In highly acidic environments a reaction product of an isobutyraldehyde and an alkylene amine compound with an alkylsulfopropionic amide group is recommended [1888,1889]. The alkylene amine compound can be the product of a reaction of equimolar amounts of N-dodecylmercaptan, methyl methacrylate, and diethylenetriamine. 

A methanogenic bacterium was isolated from oil reservoir brines by enrichment with trimethylamine. Methane production occurred only with trimethyl-amine compounds or methanol as substrates. Sodium ions, magnesium ions, and potassium ions were all required for growth. This organism appears to be a member of the genus Methanohalophilus based on substrate utilization and general growth characteristics [695]. 

A comprehensive study has been made by the use of Sr with respect to the antioxydant action of amine compounds 134>. Several beautiful parallelisms are found between the activity and the superdelocalizability. 

Delnavaz M, Ayati B, Ganjidoust H (2008) Biodegradation of aromatic amine compounds using moving bed biofilm reactors. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 5(4) 243-250... 

To avoid leaching of the anti-oxidant when in contact with oils (vegetable and mineral), petrol and solvents, polar amine compounds are used ... 

The indole- and benzindole-cyanine dyes illustrated in Scheme 6 are used by many major manufacturers in optical disk recording applications. These types of dye tend to be more light-stable than many other readily synthesized polymethine dyes. To increase the photostability, the dyes are used in combination with various types of stabilizers such as nickel dithiolato complexes and selected tertiary aromatic amine compounds.199 The application of cyanine dyes for optical storage media was primarily developed in Japan203 and several dyes and compatible stabilizers are commercially available in pure form from Japanese suppliers.199... 

Zhang, X.X., Bradshaw, J.S. and Izatt, R.M. (1997) Enantiomeric recognition of amine compounds by chiral macrocyclic receptors. Chemical Reviews, 97, 3313-3361. 

Maleic acid imides (maleimides) are derivatives of the reaction of maleic anhydride and ammonia or primary amine compounds. The double bond of a maleimide may undergo an alkylation reaction with a sulfhydryl group to form a stable thioether bond (Chapter 2, Section 2.2). Maleic anhydride may presumably undergo the same reaction with cysteine residues and other sulfhydryl compounds. 

Aldehydes may participate in a condensation reaction with an amine compound and a substance containing a sufficiently-active hydrogen, yielding an alkylated derivative that effectively... 

DSG should be dissolved in an organic solvent prior to addition to an aqueous reaction medium. Suitable solvents include DMF and DMSO. To initiate a reaction, add an aliquot of the organic solution to the buffered medium containing the molecules to be crosslinked. Reaction buffers should not contain any competing amine compounds such as Tris or glycine,... 

Figure 4.24 Two amine-containing molecules can be crosslinked by formaldehyde through formation of a quaternary ammonium salt with subsequent dehydration to an immonium cation intermediate. This active species then can react with a second amine compound to form stable secondary amine bonds.

The resultant ethylmalonate-protected-amine compound is concentrated in vacuo and then purified using silica gel chromatography with a hexane/ethyl acetate (1 1) eluent. 

Add to the Qo solution 100 mg of the purified ethylmalonate-protected-amine compound from step 4 along with 88 mg of I2 and 105 mg of DBU (Aldrich). 

Figure 15.9 The reaction of the amine-blocked derivative of 3-hydroxypropylamine with ethylmalonyl chloride gives an ethylmalonate-protected-amine compound, which can be used in the Bingel reaction to create an amine group on a fullerene surface. Reaction with Cfl in the presence of I2 and DBU gives the cyclopropanation product that can be deprotected with TFA to yield the free amine.

Dissolve an amine-containing ligand in 0.1 M sodium carbonate, pFI 9.5. If coupling a small ligand, such as a biotin-PEG-amine compound (Chapter 18), then use a concentration of about 5-10 mM in the carbonate buffer. For proteins, concentrations of 10 nM to 1 pM can be used with success. 

Figure 18.21 Biotin-PEG -amine compounds can be used to modify carboxylate- or aldehyde-containing compounds using a carbodiimide reaction.

Figure 25.10 PEG-amine compounds may be reacted with this heterobifunctional crosslinker to form amide bond derivatives terminating in maleimide groups. This results in a homobifunctional reagent capable of crosslinking thiol molecules. Subsequent reaction with sulfhydryl-containing molecules yields thioether linkages.

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