Technological contaminants

Contamination Control. In a number of developing technologies, contamination by small particles is a serious problem. To the extent that... 

In the early years of ground water and soil remediation, pump and treat was the conventional technology. Contaminated ground water is pumped to the surface where it is treated and reinjected or discharged to surface waters or wastewater treatment plants. Reinjection maybe used to stimulate in situ... 

The bioscrubber is a modihcation of biohlter technology. Contaminated air is drawn into a chamber and sprayed with a hne mist of liquid stream containing a suspension of microorganisms. The liquid is continually circulated between the spray chamber and an activated sludge process unit where biodegradation occurs. 

The high sensitivity of VLSI technology to defects and contamination has necessitated a substantial Investment In new processing technology. Contamination and defect control is now a basic requirement in all aspects of processing. Accompanying this new ultra-clean technology Is the need to characterize the materials and chemicals, the unit processes and the ambients to which the wafers are exposed. 

Thin-film magnetoresistive sensors are prepared by processes similar to those used in microelectronics, so that it is reasonable to integrate AMR sensors with the evaluation circuit usually used in the bipolar CMOS technique. However, AMR sensors are usually offered in a simpler hybrid technology, in which both chips - sensor and electronics - can be fabricated by means of their optimized technology. Contamination risks and the large sensor size of about 1-2 mm2 normally make the production costs of one-chip solutions more costly. 

Qin, A. Zhang, S. 2009. The status of development of oxygen-making technology. Contamination Control Air-conditioning Technology, 32-37. 

This chapter is divided into seven main sections. The first of these sections is focused on technological contaminants, namely heterocyclic amines, acrylamide, furan, chloropropanok and their fatty acid esters, polycycKc aromatic hydrocarbons, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitroso compounds, and ethyl carbamate. Other sections deal with microbial toxins (mycotoxins and bacterial toxins), persistent organohalogen contaminants (such as polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans), chlorinated ahphatic hydrocarbons, pesticides (persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons and modem pesticides), veterinary medicines and contaminants from packaging materials. Presented for each of these contaminants are structures, properties, occurrence and the main sources of dietary intake, mechanisms of formation, possibilities of food contamination, prevention and mitigation and health and toxicological evaluations. 

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