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Myeloid DCs

In contrast to human TLR9 and TLR7, which have a very similar cellular expression pattern, TLR8 has a different cell-type specific expression, including cells of the myeloid compartment such as monocytes.54 Stimulation of immune cells with single-stranded ORNs or double-stranded siRNAs can result in the production of Thl, Thl-like and proinflammatory cytokines including IFN-alpha from pDCs, and TNF-alpha from monocytes or myeloid DCs (mDCs).55-60 Injection of ORNs or siRNAs encapsulated in specific delivery systems in mice can also result in a strong production of Thl and proinflammatory cytokines. [Pg.129]

MDC/STCP-1 16ql3 Monocyte-derived-DC, thymus, lymph node, appendix, mature macrophages Attracts myeloid DC and IL-2 activated NK cells May favor TH2 responses... [Pg.16]

CpG-ODN Synthetic oKgodeoxynucelotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs stimulate cells via TLR9. The stimulatory effect is due to mimicking bacterial DNA which is rich in unmethylated CpG sequences, while in mammahan DNA these sequences are rare and methylated. In man, TLR9 is expressed on plas-macytoid DC and B cells, while in mice it is also expressed on myeloid DC and monocytes. CpG-ODN activate both innate and adaptive immune responses, stimulate Thl-type immune responses, mature DC, and induce CTL responses. They promote IFN-a and TNF-a production. In melanoma patients, enhanced CDS -b T cell responses were observed in vaccine -I- CpG-ODN recipients, but the outcome was not affected. Interestingly, CpG-ODN can protect immime cells from the damaging effects of chemo- and radiotherapy. [Pg.378]

Figure 2 Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) drives differentiation of bone marrow cells into mature myeloid DCs. On day 8 after GM-CSF differentiation, cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for DC marker (% positive for CD11c, A), as well as maturation markers (i.e., CDl Ic-ncells that are both positive for MHCll and CD86, B).The treatment of LPS significantly promotes the maturation of DCs. The percentage of MHCll-I-CD86-H DCs increased from 18% without LPS treatment to 61% after treatment (B). Figure 2 Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) drives differentiation of bone marrow cells into mature myeloid DCs. On day 8 after GM-CSF differentiation, cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for DC marker (% positive for CD11c, A), as well as maturation markers (i.e., CDl Ic-ncells that are both positive for MHCll and CD86, B).The treatment of LPS significantly promotes the maturation of DCs. The percentage of MHCll-I-CD86-H DCs increased from 18% without LPS treatment to 61% after treatment (B).
There are two major subsets identified in humans myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). The two subsets differ in function and can be recruited to promote variable types of immunologic reactions. mDCs resemble monocytes and secrete IL-12 upon activation [7], whereas pDCs are morphologically similar to plasma cells and differ functionally from mDCs by their ability to prcxluce massive amounts of type I interferons in response to viral and microbial stimuli [7, 8]. [Pg.109]

Dendritic cells (DCs) are functionally classified into myeloid (MDCs) and plasma-cytoid DCs (PDCs), both of which are potent professional antigen presenting cells (APC) but vary in the expression of a number of surface molecules. They also exhibit differences in their susceptibility to various strains of HIV-1 (Lore et al. 2005 Smed-Sorensen et al. 2005). Their role in the dissemination of HIV-1 is of... [Pg.97]

Fig. 2. Chemokine receptors on DC subtypes. mDCpre, myeloid dendritic cell precursor pDCpre, plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursor. Fig. 2. Chemokine receptors on DC subtypes. mDCpre, myeloid dendritic cell precursor pDCpre, plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursor.
Although closely related, monocytes/macrophages (MO) possess features that are distinct from DCs. Due to their limited expression of T-cell costimulatory molecules, MO are not able to prime T cells de novo, but rather stimulate effector/memory T cells by the secretion of cytokines, which support T-cell proliferation. As DCs, MO differentiate from myeloid precursors and form a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that link the innate and adaptive immune systems. However, their ability to interact with T cells via MHC class II TCR interaction(s) as well as engagement of T-cell costimulatory receptors on their surface, makes close contact between MO and Tregs likely to occur in vivo. [Pg.32]

Histamine is synthesized by decarboxylation of histidine by L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which is dependent on the cofactor pyridoxal-5 -phosphate [21]. Mast cells and basophils are the major source of granule-stored histamine, where it is closely associated with the anionic proteoglycans and chondroitin-4-sulfate. Histamine is released when these cells degranulate in response to various immunologic and non-immunologic stimuli. In addition, several myeloid and lymphoid cell types (DCs and T cells), which do not... [Pg.70]

Schematic representation of the hematopoietic cascade in mice and human (hum). All the cells of the hematopoietic system are positive for antigen CD45. Based on this, the dynamics of surface antigen expression along development of different mature cells derived from the hematopoietic stem cell system can be observed. Rounded arrows indicate self-renewal potential. Smooth thinner arrows indicate directions of cellular differentiation. The identification of CDs (clusters definition) and other antigen cell markers are listed in the glossary. (LT-HSC - long term hematopoietic stem cell ST-HSC - short term hematopoietic stem cell MPP - multipotent progenitor CLP - common lymphoid precursor CMP - common myeloid precursor GMP - granulocyte-monocyte precursor MEP - megacaryocyte-erythrocyte precursor T - T lymphocyte B - B lymphocyte NK - natural killer cell DC - dendritic cell). Schematic representation of the hematopoietic cascade in mice and human (hum). All the cells of the hematopoietic system are positive for antigen CD45. Based on this, the dynamics of surface antigen expression along development of different mature cells derived from the hematopoietic stem cell system can be observed. Rounded arrows indicate self-renewal potential. Smooth thinner arrows indicate directions of cellular differentiation. The identification of CDs (clusters definition) and other antigen cell markers are listed in the glossary. (LT-HSC - long term hematopoietic stem cell ST-HSC - short term hematopoietic stem cell MPP - multipotent progenitor CLP - common lymphoid precursor CMP - common myeloid precursor GMP - granulocyte-monocyte precursor MEP - megacaryocyte-erythrocyte precursor T - T lymphocyte B - B lymphocyte NK - natural killer cell DC - dendritic cell).
Freedman MH, Bonilla MA, Fier C, Bolyard AA, Scarlata D, Boxer LA, Brown S, Cham B, Kannourakis G, Kinsey SE, Mori PG, Cottle T, Welte K, Dale DC. Myelodysplasia syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia in patients with congenital neutropenia receiving G-CSF therapy. Blood 2000 96(2) 429-36. [Pg.1552]

Rubin CM, Arthur DC, Woods WG, Lange BJ, Nowell PC, Rowley JD, Nachman J, Bostrom B, Baum ES, Suarez CR. Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia in children correlation between chromosomal abnormahties and prior therapy. Blood 1991 78(ll) 2982-8. [Pg.2880]

Normal dendritic cells (DC), localized in the T-cell areas in the spleen, will not be depleted by application of clodronate liposomes. However, a particular group of so called myeloid dendritic cells, localized at the border between marginal zone and red pulp, will be depleted as efficacious as macrophages (26). This is not surprising, since these cells are able to internalize particles of more than one micron. Since macrophages and dendritic cells show a considerable overlap in their activities, it remains an open question whether these cells should be considered as macrophages or dendritic cells. [Pg.194]

Wells RJ, Arthur DC, Srivastava A, et al. Prognostic variables in newly diagnosed children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia Children s Cancer Group Study 213. Leukemia 2002 16 601-607. [Pg.2507]

Weirnik PH, Banks PLC, Case DC Jr, et al. Cytarabine plus idarubicin or daunorubicin as induction and consolidation therapy for previously untreated adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 1992 79 313-319. [Pg.2508]

Taussig DC, Davies AJ, Cavenagh JD, et al. Durable remissions of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia after reduced-intensity allografting. J Chn Oncol 2003 21 3060-3065. [Pg.2509]


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