Cellular expression

The mechanism which operates to select the functional member of an allele pair during neuronal maturation is not known for vomeronasal 

Urine-washing in Lesser Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus) (courtesy Helga Schulze ). 

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Astic L., Le Pendu J., Mollicone R., Saucier D. and Oriol R. (1989). Cellular expression of H B antigens in the rat olfactory system during development. J Comp Neurol 289, 386-394. 

Boutet A, Salim H, Leclerc P, et al. Cellular expression of functional chemokine receptor CCR5 and CXCR4 in human embryonic neurons. Neurosci Lett 2001 311 105-108. 

Fig. 11.7 Effect of HU on ml-CAM-1 expression in the TrHBMEC (a) and EA-hy 926 (b). These cells were incubated with HU 250 pM for 48 h with or without 100 U mb of TNFaand IFNy. mlCAM-1 cellular expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results are the Mean Fluorescent Index (MFI) of one representative experiment, with overall trend in three other independent experiments being comparable. Parallel estimation of slCAM-1 release in the culture supernatant of TrHBMEC cells (6 independent experiments) revealed that without cytokines sICAM-1 was not detectable in the supernatant for the basal conditions. The results of HU-treated cells (c) in the presence of cytokines showed a significant increase in release of slCAM-1 (p <0.05).

The calculation of protein proximity and hence association on the basis of sensitized emission or FSPIM requires correction for direct acceptor excitation and donor bleed through using several mathematical models and instrument correction factors [22, 59-61], which is difficult to control [22] (see also Chapters 7 and 8). A high detected acceptor to donor signal ratio in these techniques may also reflect other phenomena than FRET. For instance, this ratio is dependent on cellular expression levels and subcellular localizations, which are difficult to control. Additionally, for the widely used... 

Glutamate transporters in brain are coded by five different but closely related genes, SLC1A1-4 and SLC1A6. There are several trivial names for each of the corresponding proteins. The transporters can all symport one Glu, with three Na+ and one H+, and antiport one K+ within each cycle, but they differ in their cellular expression. 

Genetic regulation via splice variants and RNA editing further increases receptor heterogeneity the flip/flop versions and the Q/R site. Splice variants that impart functional differences and/or different cellular expression patterns have been found for most of the glutamate receptor subunits. The first splice variants to be described were the so-called flip and flop versions of the AMPA... 

Miksys S, Rao Y, Hoffmann E, Mash DC, Tyndale RF. 2002. Regional and cellular expression of CYP2D6 in human brain higher levels in alcoholics. J Neurochem 82 ... 

Cellular Expression Patterns Can Reveal the Cellular Function of a Gene... 

Hill K. E., Zollinger L. V., Watt H. E., Carlson N. G., and Rose J. W. (2004). Inducible nitric oxide synthase in chronic active multiple sclerosis plaques distribution, cellular expression and association with myelin damage. J. Neuroimmunol. 151 171-179. 

Since the transcriptional activation and regulation of the ATP2C2 promoter is so far unknown, the restricted tissue and cellular expression pattern of ATP2C2 cannot be explained at the moment. 

Chen, Y.-G., Silveira, P., Osborne, M. A., Chapman, H. D. and Serreze, D. V. (2007) Cellular expression requirements for inhibition of type 1 diabetes by a dominantly protective major histocompatibility complex haplotype. Diabetes 56, 424M 30. 

In addition to the cellular expression on malignant blast cells in AML, elevated levels of suPAR were found in plasma from leukemia patients [18]. In a longitudinal study, in which patients receiving chemotherapy were monitored, it was demonstrated that the suPAR level in plasma from patients with AML correlated with the number of circulating tumor cells and that these were reduced after chemotherapy. In plasma from AML patients, suPAR(II III) was detected in addition to intact suPAR. This is in contrast to findings in plasma from healthy individuals and from the ovarian cancer patients described above [144]. suPAR(II III) was also present in plasma made from bone marrow aspirates. The other cleaved form, uPAR(I), was only identified in urine. Lysates of the leukemic cells contained both intact uPAR and uPAR(II-III). The amounts of suPAR(II III) in plasma and uPAR(I) in urine were decreased following chemotherapy. In healthy controls, intact uPAR was detected in lysates from mononuclear cells in blood and suPAR(I-III) in plasma and bone marrow aspirates, while suPAR(II-III) was detected in urine [18]. 

Greif GJ, Lin YJ, Liu JC, Freedman JE (1995) Dopamine-modulated potassium channels on rat striatal neurons specific activation and cellular expression. J Neurosci /5 4533 4544. 

Wetsel, R. A. (1995). Structure, function and cellular expression of complement anaphylatoxin receptors. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 7, 48-53. 

Enzyme-linked innnunoassay on live cells. See Geraghyty, R.J., Jogger, C.P., and Spear, P.B., Cellular expression of alphaherpesvirus gD interferes with entry of homologous and heterologous alphaviruses by blocking access to a shared gD receptor, Virology 68, 147-156, 2000 Lee, R.B., Hassone,... 

Dziewulska D, Mossakowski MJ (2003) Cellular expression of tumor necrosis factor a and its receptors in human ischemic stroke. Clin Neuropathol 22 35-40. 

Receptors can be most reliably subclassified and defined on the basis of antagonist affinities, whereas data obtained with agonists are considered much less useful since intrinsic activity and potency have been found to be cell and tissue dependent. Information on receptor-effector mechanisms that reflect the molecular signaling properties of the receptor provides another tier for receptor classification, although transduction mechanisms for novel receptors may be unclear and subject to controversy. Furthermore, the use of heterologous cellular expression systems for the study of recombinant receptors has revealed... 

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